{
  "title": "Republic of Kosovo: Selected Issues",
  "publication": "IMF Staff Country Reports, February 5, 2018",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2018/02/05/republic-of-kosovo-selected-issues-45613",
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  "summary": "This Selected Issues paper on Kosovo discusses various challenges and opportunities in the public infrastructure domain. Given the very low initial stocks, largely due to the sharp depletion of capital stock during the conflicts in the 1990s, higher investment rates are needed.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Public infrastructure context and challenges",
      "content": "- Kosovo has \"very low initial stocks\" of public infrastructure, largely due to \"the sharp depletion of capital stock during the conflicts in the 1990s.\"\n- These low initial stocks imply that \"higher investment rates are needed.\"\n- Kosovo \"faces significant public infrastructure gaps, which constrain private sector development.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Opportunities and external financing",
      "content": "- \"The resources available from international development partners, including the European Union (EU), the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, are a unique opportunity to leverage and accelerate the implementation of priority projects.\"\n- The \"priority project list has helped the authorities to prioritize plans and facilitate the discussions and negotiations with donors and International Financial Institutions (IFI).\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Investment framework and implementation",
      "content": "- \"Strengthening Kosovo’s investment framework is key to achieving\" leveraging external resources and accelerating project implementation.\n- Despite policy measures, \"implementation so far has been modest.\"\n- The fiscal framework includes \"the new investment clause of the fiscal rule exempting IFI-financed projects from the deficit ceiling,\" but this exemption has not yet produced strong implementation outcomes."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Macroeconomic implications",
      "content": "- \"Scaling-up public investment will raise gross domestic product growth potential and accelerate income convergence toward the EU average level.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject themes and keywords (as listed)",
      "content": "- Subjects: Bank credit, Credit, Expenditure, Infrastructure, Money, National accounts, Poverty, Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP)\n- Keywords include: amount, Bank credit, Central and Eastern Europe, CR, Credit, credit growth, EU accession process, Europe, IFI financing, Infrastructure, ISCR, Kosovo, lending, Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP), scheme outcome, Western Balkans peer, Western Europe"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Publication and metadata (exact values preserved)",
      "content": "- Pages: 59\n- Volume: 2018\n- Issue: 031\n- Series: Country Report No. 2018/031\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484340509.002\n- Stock No: 1UVKEA2018002\n- ISBN: 9781484340509\n- ISSN: 1934-7685\n- Publication date on landing page: February 5, 2018\n\nInternational Monetary Fund. European Dept. \"Republic of Kosovo: Selected Issues\", IMF Staff Country Reports 2018, 031 (2018), accessed 9/9/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484340509.002\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Country Report\n  - Country Report (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Country Report (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}"
    }
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    "Published: February 5, 2018",
    "Series: IMF Staff Country Reports",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484340509.002",
    "Kosovo has \"very low initial stocks\" of public infrastructure, largely due to \"the sharp depletion of capital stock during the conflicts in the 1990s.\"",
    "These low initial stocks imply that \"higher investment rates are needed.\"",
    "Kosovo \"faces significant public infrastructure gaps, which constrain private sector development.\"",
    "\"The resources available from international development partners, including the European Union (EU), the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, are a unique opportunity to leverage and accelerate the implementation of priority projects.\"",
    "The \"priority project list has helped the authorities to prioritize plans and facilitate the discussions and negotiations with donors and International Financial Institutions (IFI).\"",
    "\"Strengthening Kosovo’s investment framework is key to achieving\" leveraging external resources and accelerating project implementation.",
    "Despite policy measures, \"implementation so far has been modest.\"",
    "The fiscal framework includes \"the new investment clause of the fiscal rule exempting IFI-financed projects from the deficit ceiling,\" but this exemption has not yet produced strong implementation outcomes.",
    "\"Scaling-up public investment will raise gross domestic product growth potential and accelerate income convergence toward the EU average level.\"",
    "Subjects: Bank credit, Credit, Expenditure, Infrastructure, Money, National accounts, Poverty, Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP)",
    "Keywords include: amount, Bank credit, Central and Eastern Europe, CR, Credit, credit growth, EU accession process, Europe, IFI financing, Infrastructure, ISCR, Kosovo, lending, Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP), scheme outcome, Western Balkans peer, Western Europe",
    "Pages: 59",
    "Volume: 2018",
    "Issue: 031",
    "Series: Country Report No. 2018/031",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484340509.002",
    "Stock No: 1UVKEA2018002",
    "ISBN: 9781484340509",
    "ISSN: 1934-7685",
    "Publication date on landing page: February 5, 2018",
    "**Country Report**"
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