{
  "title": "Finland: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Finland",
  "publication": "IMF Staff Country Reports, January 15, 2019",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2019/01/15/finland-2018-article-iv-consultation-press-release-staff-report-and-statement-by-the-46518",
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  "summary": "Recent growth has been healthy, and the unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest level since 2011. However, some underlying weaknesses remain.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Recent growth has been healthy.\n- The unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest level since 2011.\n- Underlying weaknesses:\n  - The rate in which new jobs are created and the “churn” of workers relocating across jobs has not picked up with the recovery.\n  - Labor productivity growth remains weak.\n  - The outlook for potential growth is constrained by a shrinking workforce.\n- Financial vulnerabilities:\n  - Household debt has been increasing as the economy has recovered.\n  - Some borrowers appear vulnerable to interest rate increases."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analytical themes",
      "content": "- Labor market dynamics\n  - Employment has improved, but job reallocation and worker mobility remain subdued.\n  - Structural factors limiting labor productivity growth are highlighted.\n- Potential growth constraints\n  - Demographic trends leading to a shrinking workforce are a drag on potential GDP growth.\n- Financial stability and household balance sheets\n  - Rising household debt amid recovery raises concerns about borrower vulnerability to rate rises."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Publication and document specifics",
      "content": "- Title: Finland: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Finland\n- Date: January 15, 2019\n- Pages: 63\n- Volume: 2019\n- Issue: 007\n- Series: Country Report No. 2019/007\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484393482.002\n- Stock No: 1FINEA2019001\n- ISBN: 9781484393482\n- ISSN: 1934-7685"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Financial institutions, Housing, Income, Labor, Labor markets, Loans, National accounts\n- Keywords: consumer confidence, CR, damage confidence, demand, employment growth, Europe, financial system, Global, holding, household debt, Housing, Income, ISCR, Labor markets, liability positions vis-a-vis nonresident, Loans, market, potential GDP, public finance, rate, weight floor\n\nIMF Staff Country Reports — Finland: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Finland (January 15, 2019).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Country Report\n  - Country Report (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Country Report (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}"
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    "Published: January 15, 2019",
    "Series: IMF Staff Country Reports",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484393482.002",
    "Recent growth has been healthy.",
    "The unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest level since 2011.",
    "Underlying weaknesses:",
    "Financial vulnerabilities:",
    "Potential growth constraints",
    "Financial stability and household balance sheets",
    "Title: Finland: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Finland",
    "Date: January 15, 2019",
    "Pages: 63",
    "Volume: 2019",
    "Issue: 007",
    "Series: Country Report No. 2019/007",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484393482.002",
    "Stock No: 1FINEA2019001",
    "ISBN: 9781484393482",
    "ISSN: 1934-7685",
    "Subject: Financial institutions, Housing, Income, Labor, Labor markets, Loans, National accounts",
    "Keywords: consumer confidence, CR, damage confidence, demand, employment growth, Europe, financial system, Global, holding, household debt, Housing, Income, ISCR, Labor markets, liability positions vis-a-vis nonresident, Loans, market, potential GDP, public finance, rate, weight floor",
    "**Country Report**"
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