## Kingdom of Eswatini: Selected Issues

_IMF Staff Country Reports, September 30, 2024_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Kingdom of Eswatini: Selected Issues](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2024/09/27/kingdom-of-eswatini-selected-issues-555672)

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## Bibliographic details
- Published: September 30, 2024
- Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400289620.002

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### Major climate vulnerabilities and observed impacts
- Eswatini is highly susceptible to climate shocks and is impacted by frequent droughts, erratic rainfall, variability in temperature, and water scarcity.
- Climate change is affecting Eswatini in several ways, increasing the frequency of extreme weather phenomena that undermine livelihoods and economic stability.

### Agriculture and food security
- Over 70 percent of the population depend on agriculture.
- Increased frequency of extreme weather phenomena necessitates adaptation to create a climate-smart agricultural sector with a long-run objective of ensuring food security and generating exportable surpluses.
- Priority actions implied by the analysis:
  - Transform agricultural practices toward climate-smart approaches.
  - Prioritize investments that enhance resilience of staple production and enable surplus generation for export.

### Energy and mitigation
- Focusing on sustainable energy is pertinent to reduce reliance on carbon-intensive energy production that exacerbates climate stress.
- Implicit priorities:
  - Support a transition to sustainable energy sources to lower carbon intensity and reduce climate vulnerability.

### Climate finance, insurance, and fiscal resilience
- Eswatini should seek access to green financing and insurance mechanisms to protect against the financial impacts of climate change.
- Insurance plays a crucial role as a safety net against unpredictable disaster impacts by spreading financial risk, stabilizing economies, and supporting recovery efforts.
- Recommended financial strategies:
  - Mobilize green financing to fund adaptation and sustainable-energy investments.
  - Develop or access insurance and risk-pooling instruments to mitigate fiscal and household exposure to natural disasters.

### Cross-cutting implications for policy and institutions
- Policies should integrate climate adaptation across sectors, prioritizing agriculture and energy.
- Strengthening institutional capacity to design, access, and manage green finance and insurance instruments is essential.
- Social protection and labor-market policies should account for heightened climate risk to livelihoods and unemployment vulnerabilities.

*Kingdom of Eswatini: Selected Issues — IMF Staff Country Reports 2024, Issue 305.*

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## Content in this bundle

- **Kingdom of Eswatini: Selected Issues; IMF Country Report No. 24/305; September 10, 2024**
  - [Kingdom of Eswatini: Selected Issues; IMF Country Report No. 24/305; September 10, 2024 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/publications/cr/2024/english/1swzea2024002-print-pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Kingdom of Eswatini: Selected Issues; IMF Country Report No. 24/305; September 10, 2024 (PDF)](/-/media/files/publications/cr/2024/english/1swzea2024002-print-pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/cr/issues/2024/09/27/kingdom-of-eswatini-selected-issues-555672_