{
  "title": "Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe",
  "publication": "Departmental Papers, July 15, 2019",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/departmental-papers-policy-papers/issues/2019/07/11/demographic-headwinds-in-central-and-eastern-europe-46992",
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  "summary": "The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries—with the exception of Turkey—are expected to decrease significantly over the next 30 years, driven by low or negative net birth rates and outward migration.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Key findings and projections",
      "content": "- The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries—with the exception of Turkey—are expected to decrease significantly over the next 30 years.\n- Primary drivers of population decline identified: low or negative net birth rates and outward migration.\n- Anticipated implications of demographic change:\n  - Significant effects on growth.\n  - Significant effects on living standards.\n  - Significant effects on fiscal sustainability."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Scope, subjects, and keywords",
      "content": "- Subjects: Aging, Health, Labor, Labor force, Population and demographics, Production, Total factor productivity.\n- Keywords: Aging, Baltics, baseline labor force scenario, CESEE country, CESEE economy, CESEE population, CESEE workforce, current account, DP, DPPP, Eastern Europe, EU country, Europe, Global, IMF staff calculation, labor force, Labor force, labor market, per capita income, physical capital, public spending, retirement age, Total factor productivity, Western Europe, workforce aging, workforce cohort.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe; IMF Departmental Paper No. 19/12; July 2019\n  - Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe; IMF Departmental Paper No. 19/12; July 2019 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe; IMF Departmental Paper No. 19/12; July 2019 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/departmental-papers-policy-papers/issues/2019/07/11/demographic-headwinds-in-central-and-eastern-europe-46992"
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    "Authors: Cristina Batog, Ernesto Crivelli, Anna Ilyina, Zoltan Jakab, Jaewoo Lee, Anvar Musayev, Iva Petrova, Alasdair Scott, Anna Shabunina, Andreas Tudyka, Ruifeng Zhang",
    "Published: July 15, 2019",
    "Series: Departmental Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498319768.087",
    "The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries—with the exception of Turkey—are expected to decrease significantly over the next 30 years.",
    "Primary drivers of population decline identified: low or negative net birth rates and outward migration.",
    "Anticipated implications of demographic change:",
    "Subjects: Aging, Health, Labor, Labor force, Population and demographics, Production, Total factor productivity.",
    "Keywords: Aging, Baltics, baseline labor force scenario, CESEE country, CESEE economy, CESEE population, CESEE workforce, current account, DP, DPPP, Eastern Europe, EU country, Europe, Global, IMF staff calculation, labor force, Labor force, labor market, per capita income, physical capital, public spending, retirement age, Total factor productivity, Western Europe, workforce aging, workforce cohort.",
    "**Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe; IMF Departmental Paper No. 19/12; July 2019**"
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