{
  "title": "Learning vs. Schooling and the Promise of Education",
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  "summary": "To realize education’s promise, countries need to prioritize learning, not just schooling.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- Thesis: To realize education’s promise, countries need to prioritize learning, not just schooling.\n- Source basis: Text and charts are based on the World Bank’s World Development Report 2018.\n- Framing: Monitoring school attendance is a poor measure of what, if anything, a child has learned."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Extent of the learning crisis — key findings",
      "content": "- \"At the current rate of improvement, it would take 75 years for teenagers in Brazil to reach the rich-country average score in math.\"\n- \"It would take them more than 260 years to do the same in reading.\"\n- \"In 14 sub-Saharan African countries, the average sixth-grade teacher could read no better than the highest-performing sixth-grade student.\"\n- \"In rural India, nearly 75 percent of third-grade students were unable to solve a basic math problem.\"\n- The crisis widens inequality because poor students suffer the worst learning outcomes."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Drivers of low learning",
      "content": "- Malnutrition.\n- High fees.\n- Gender barriers.\n- Absent, ill-prepared, and poorly supported teachers.\n- A political system that doesn’t prioritize learning."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Benefits of education (as presented)",
      "content": "- For individuals: promotes employment, earnings, and health.\n- For societies: drives long-term economic growth, reduces poverty, spurs innovation, strengthens institutions, and fosters social cohesion.\n- Conclusion: An educated workforce is critical to a nation’s future prosperity."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations from the World Bank’s World Development Report 2018 (summarized)",
      "content": "- Use learning assessments to shine a light on the problem of low learning.\n- Leverage research on effective educational interventions.\n- Prioritize learning, data collection, and reform at the national level.\n\nSource: Learning Curve, F&D Magazine, March 2018; text and charts based on the World Bank’s World Development Report 2018.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- منحنى التعلم\n  - منحنى التعلم (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - منحنى التعلم (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- La curva de aprendizaje ● Ejercicio de equilibrio ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Marzo de 2018\n  - La curva de aprendizaje ● Ejercicio de equilibrio ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Marzo de 2018 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - La curva de aprendizaje ● Ejercicio de equilibrio ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Marzo de 2018 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Courbe d'apprentissage\n  - Courbe d'apprentissage (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Courbe d'apprentissage (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Learning Curve - Picture This - IMF FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT - March 2018 | Volume 55 | Number 1\n  - Learning Curve - Picture This - IMF FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT - March 2018 | Volume 55 | Number 1 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Learning Curve - Picture This - IMF FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT - March 2018 | Volume 55 | Number 1 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Представьте себе. Кривая обучения – Финансы и развитие – март 2018 года\n  - Представьте себе. Кривая обучения – Финансы и развитие – март 2018 года (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Представьте себе. Кривая обучения – Финансы и развитие – март 2018 года (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- 学习曲线 - 图表释义 - <金融与发展, 2018年3月号·第55卷·第1期, 国际货币基金组织季刊\n  - 学习曲线 - 图表释义 - <金融与发展, 2018年3月号·第55卷·第1期, 国际货币基金组织季刊 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - 学习曲线 - 图表释义 - <金融与发展, 2018年3月号·第55卷·第1期, 国际货币基金组织季刊 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2018/03/picture"
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    "Published: March 1, 2018",
    "Thesis: To realize education’s promise, countries need to prioritize learning, not just schooling.",
    "Source basis: Text and charts are based on the World Bank’s World Development Report 2018.",
    "Framing: Monitoring school attendance is a poor measure of what, if anything, a child has learned.",
    "\"At the current rate of improvement, it would take 75 years for teenagers in Brazil to reach the rich-country average score in math.\"",
    "\"It would take them more than 260 years to do the same in reading.\"",
    "\"In 14 sub-Saharan African countries, the average sixth-grade teacher could read no better than the highest-performing sixth-grade student.\"",
    "\"In rural India, nearly 75 percent of third-grade students were unable to solve a basic math problem.\"",
    "The crisis widens inequality because poor students suffer the worst learning outcomes.",
    "Malnutrition.",
    "High fees.",
    "Gender barriers.",
    "Absent, ill-prepared, and poorly supported teachers.",
    "A political system that doesn’t prioritize learning.",
    "For individuals: promotes employment, earnings, and health.",
    "For societies: drives long-term economic growth, reduces poverty, spurs innovation, strengthens institutions, and fosters social cohesion.",
    "Conclusion: An educated workforce is critical to a nation’s future prosperity.",
    "Use learning assessments to shine a light on the problem of low learning.",
    "Leverage research on effective educational interventions.",
    "Prioritize learning, data collection, and reform at the national level.",
    "**منحنى التعلم**",
    "**La curva de aprendizaje ● Ejercicio de equilibrio ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Marzo de 2018**",
    "**Courbe d'apprentissage**",
    "**Learning Curve - Picture This - IMF FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT - March 2018 | Volume 55 | Number 1**",
    "**Представьте себе. Кривая обучения – Финансы и развитие – март 2018 года**",
    "**学习曲线 - 图表释义 - <金融与发展>, 2018年3月号·第55卷·第1期, 国际货币基金组织季刊**"
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