{
  "title": "Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/nature-climate-and-the-global-economy-lagarde-attenborough",
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  "summary": "Christine Lagarde and David Attenborough discuss the connection between nature, climate change and the global economy",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Nature and the global economy",
      "content": "- Nature—a stable climate, reliable freshwater, forests, and other natural resources—is what makes industry possible.\n- We cannot have long-term human development without a steady climate and a healthy natural world.\n- In our current model these goals sometimes seem to collide, and our economic pursuits encroach too closely on nature."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Human disconnection and risks",
      "content": "- By some estimates, more than 50 percent of the world’s population is now urbanized, increasing the likelihood of people losing touch with nature.\n- With the projected rise in ocean levels and increase in the average temperature of the planet, large swaths of land, even whole countries, will become uninhabitable, triggering mass climate-induced migration.\n- If we don’t take decisive action in the next 10 to 20 years, the damage will have passed irreversible tipping points."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Waste, overconsumption, and natural capital",
      "content": "- Waste is identified as the enemy: wasting food, energy, or materials undermines sustainability.\n- Producing plastics fated to end up as litter is highlighted as waste that particularly pollutes oceans.\n- Natural capital must be protected so it can continue to provide benefits well into the future.\n- Analogy: in finance we would not eat into capital to depletion; similarly, we must avoid depleting fish stocks, forests, and other natural resources."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Pricing, subsidies, and economic signals",
      "content": "- The price of fossil fuel energy should reflect not only production costs but also environmental costs—a price tag on carbon and other greenhouse gases is advocated.\n- Energy subsidies that encourage continued search for new fossil fuels or promote overuse and waste must be eliminated.\n- IMF research cited: the implicit global subsidy from undercharging for energy and its environmental costs in 2017 was a staggering $5.2 trillion, or 6.5 percent of world GDP."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Change, actors, and policy recommendations",
      "content": "- Change must begin now and encompass all actors:\n  - Private sector: stop supporting or subsidizing industries and activities that damage the planet; invest in sustainable development.\n  - Governments: roll out policies to fight climate change and the destruction of nature, including promotion of clean-technology research and development.\n  - Individuals and businesses: live by the injunction to “do no harm,” reducing overconsumption and unsustainable production.\n- Youth movements (e.g., Greta Thunberg and others) are cited as a catalyst for action and a source of hope."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Hope, resilience, and urgency",
      "content": "- Nature is resilient and some damage can still be reversed.\n- Time is running out; decisive action is required within the next 10 to 20 years to avoid irreversible tipping points.\n- Moral imperative framed: future generations will reproach inaction—“you knew it was happening, and you did nothing.”\n\nSource: Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019 — IMF web landing page (canonical URL provided).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- أعظم عمل توازني - الطبيعة والاقتصاد العالمي\n  - أعظم عمل توازني - الطبيعة والاقتصاد العالمي (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - أعظم عمل توازني - الطبيعة والاقتصاد العالمي (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Un equilibrio muy difícil ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Diciembre de 2019\n  - Un equilibrio muy difícil ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Diciembre de 2019 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Un equilibrio muy difícil ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Diciembre de 2019 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Un équilibre primordial\n  - Un équilibre primordial (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Un équilibre primordial (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- この地球と大切なバランス — 世界経済の\n  - この地球と大切なバランス — 世界経済の (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - この地球と大切なバランス — 世界経済の (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019\n  - Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Жизненно важное равновесие– Финансы и развитие – декабрь 2019 года\n  - Жизненно важное равновесие– Финансы и развитие – декабрь 2019 года (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Жизненно важное равновесие– Финансы и развитие – декабрь 2019 года (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019\n  - Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/nature-climate-and-the-global-economy-lagarde-attenborough"
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    "Authors: DAVID ATTENBOROUGH, CHRISTINE LAGARDE",
    "Published: December 1, 2019",
    "Nature—a stable climate, reliable freshwater, forests, and other natural resources—is what makes industry possible.",
    "We cannot have long-term human development without a steady climate and a healthy natural world.",
    "In our current model these goals sometimes seem to collide, and our economic pursuits encroach too closely on nature.",
    "By some estimates, more than 50 percent of the world’s population is now urbanized, increasing the likelihood of people losing touch with nature.",
    "With the projected rise in ocean levels and increase in the average temperature of the planet, large swaths of land, even whole countries, will become uninhabitable, triggering mass climate-induced migration.",
    "If we don’t take decisive action in the next 10 to 20 years, the damage will have passed irreversible tipping points.",
    "Waste is identified as the enemy: wasting food, energy, or materials undermines sustainability.",
    "Producing plastics fated to end up as litter is highlighted as waste that particularly pollutes oceans.",
    "Natural capital must be protected so it can continue to provide benefits well into the future.",
    "Analogy: in finance we would not eat into capital to depletion; similarly, we must avoid depleting fish stocks, forests, and other natural resources.",
    "The price of fossil fuel energy should reflect not only production costs but also environmental costs—a price tag on carbon and other greenhouse gases is advocated.",
    "Energy subsidies that encourage continued search for new fossil fuels or promote overuse and waste must be eliminated.",
    "IMF research cited: the implicit global subsidy from undercharging for energy and its environmental costs in 2017 was a staggering $5.2 trillion, or 6.5 percent of world GDP.",
    "Change must begin now and encompass all actors:",
    "Youth movements (e.g., Greta Thunberg and others) are cited as a catalyst for action and a source of hope.",
    "Nature is resilient and some damage can still be reversed.",
    "Time is running out; decisive action is required within the next 10 to 20 years to avoid irreversible tipping points.",
    "Moral imperative framed: future generations will reproach inaction—“you knew it was happening, and you did nothing.”",
    "**أعظم عمل توازني - الطبيعة والاقتصاد العالمي**",
    "**Un equilibrio muy difícil ● Finanzas y Desarrollo ● Diciembre de 2019**",
    "**Un équilibre primordial**",
    "**この地球と大切なバランス — 世界経済の**",
    "**Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019**",
    "**Жизненно важное равновесие– Финансы и развитие – декабрь 2019 года**",
    "**Nature, Climate Change and the Global Economy – IMF F&D | DECEMBER 2019**"
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