{
  "title": "The Journey of the Covid-19 Vaccine",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2021/12/journey-covid-19-vaccine-stanley",
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  "summary": "The development of COVID-19 vaccines has been miraculous, but the path to inoculating the world presents many obstacles",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and context",
      "content": "- The development of COVID-19 vaccines is described as \"miraculous\" but the global inoculation effort \"presents many obstacles.\"\n- Historical contrast:\n  - 1882: Dr. Robert Koch discovered the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB).\n  - 1921: A TB vaccine was developed; it \"offers only moderate protection against severe TB in infants and young children\" and \"No vaccine effectively prevents TB in adults.\"\n  - TB currently \"claims 1.5 million lives a year.\"\n- COVID-19 timeline in the text:\n  - COVID-19 was identified in January, 2020.\n  - By December 2 of that year a vaccine developed by BioNTech and Pfizer was approved for emergency use in the United States.\n- Exceptional public financing and regulatory support for COVID-19 vaccine research, development, testing, and manufacturing are credited as a \"game changer.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Progress on global vaccination and key numeric targets",
      "content": "- Global vaccination targets cited:\n  - \"40 percent in every country by the end of 2021\"\n  - \"70 percent by mid-2022\"\n- Aggregate-level progress:\n  - \"Total vaccination rates have risen and continue to rise rapidly.\"\n  - \"Most advanced economies have contracted more than enough vaccines to cover their entire population.\"\n  - \"Many developing countries have managed to do the same directly or indirectly through vehicles like COVAX.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Delivery shortfalls and inequities (data-driven concerns)",
      "content": "- Disconnect between contracted/pledged doses and doses actually received:\n  - COVAX: \"contracted and received donation pledges for over 3 billion doses, but only about 440 million of those have been received so far.\"\n- Resulting inequities in administered doses:\n  - High-income countries: vaccination rates \"exceeding 65 percent\"\n  - Many low-income countries: vaccination rates \"barely top 3 percent\"\n- Subnational distribution issues:\n  - Data reveal \"uneven distribution of vaccine coverage\" within countries.\n  - In some advanced economies, once short-term supply challenges are addressed, \"demand and vaccine hesitancy may become the next big obstacle for developing countries.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and recommendations (implicit in text)",
      "content": "- Immediate action urged:\n  - The IMF is \"urging immediate action to prioritize deliveries to those developing economies with low vaccination rates.\"\n- Priorities implied by the narrative:\n  - Close the gap between doses secured on paper and doses delivered at port.\n  - Prioritize vaccine deliveries to developing economies with low vaccination rates.\n  - Address subnational inequities in coverage.\n  - Anticipate and plan for demand-side obstacles such as vaccine hesitancy after supply constraints ease.\n\nAndrew Stanley, F&D Magazine, December 2021\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- تأمل معي - رحــــــــلة لقاح كوفيد-19\n  - تأمل معي - رحــــــــلة لقاح كوفيد-19 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - تأمل معي - رحــــــــلة لقاح كوفيد-19 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Del dicho al hecho\n  - Del dicho al hecho (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Del dicho al hecho (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- Le voyage du vaccin contre la COVID-19\n  - Le voyage du vaccin contre la COVID-19 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Le voyage du vaccin contre la COVID-19 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- The Journey of the COVID-19 Vaccine\n  - The Journey of the COVID-19 Vaccine (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - The Journey of the COVID-19 Vaccine (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- От лаборатории до прививки\n  - От лаборатории до прививки (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - От лаборатории до прививки (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n- 新冠疫苗的抗疫征程 ●《金融与发展》● 2021年12月号\n  - 新冠疫苗的抗疫征程 ●《金融与发展》● 2021年12月号 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - 新冠疫苗的抗疫征程 ●《金融与发展》● 2021年12月号 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2021/12/journey-covid-19-vaccine-stanley"
    }
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    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/fandd/issues/2021/12/journey-covid-19-vaccine-stanley/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: ANDREW STANLEY",
    "Published: December 3, 2021",
    "The development of COVID-19 vaccines is described as \"miraculous\" but the global inoculation effort \"presents many obstacles.\"",
    "Historical contrast:",
    "COVID-19 timeline in the text:",
    "Exceptional public financing and regulatory support for COVID-19 vaccine research, development, testing, and manufacturing are credited as a \"game changer.\"",
    "Global vaccination targets cited:",
    "Aggregate-level progress:",
    "Disconnect between contracted/pledged doses and doses actually received:",
    "Resulting inequities in administered doses:",
    "Subnational distribution issues:",
    "Immediate action urged:",
    "Priorities implied by the narrative:",
    "**تأمل معي - رحــــــــلة لقاح كوفيد-19**",
    "**Del dicho al hecho**",
    "**Le voyage du vaccin contre la COVID-19**",
    "**The Journey of the COVID-19 Vaccine**",
    "**От лаборатории до прививки**",
    "**新冠疫苗的抗疫征程 ●《金融与发展》● 2021年12月号**"
  ],
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