{
  "title": "Gender and Business Cycles",
  "publication": "Gender Notes, April 4, 2024",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729/index.md",
  "summary": "This note reviews the literature on the complex relationship between gender and business cycles. It focuses on nuanced patterns that challenge the notion of gender neutrality in economic fluctuations.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- Author: Diego B. P. Gomes\n- Date: April 4, 2024\n- Series: Gender Notes No. 2024/001\n- Issue: 001\n- Summary: This note reviews the literature on the complex relationship between gender and business cycles. It focuses on nuanced patterns that challenge the notion of gender neutrality in economic fluctuations. The note also analyzes dimensions, such as unemployment, income risk, hours worked, and responses to monetary and fiscal policy shocks, and documents distinctive disparities."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Major themes and dimensions analyzed",
      "content": "- Business cycles and gendered impacts:\n  - Reviews literature on the complex relationship between gender and business cycles.\n  - Highlights that gender neutrality in economic fluctuations is challenged by nuanced patterns.\n- Labor market dimensions:\n  - Unemployment\n  - Men's employment and women's employment\n  - Labor force participation\n  - Hours worked\n- Income and risk:\n  - Income risk\n- Policy shock responses:\n  - Impulse responses from monetary policy shock\n  - Fiscal policy shock"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings (as stated in the note)",
      "content": "- The literature documents distinctive disparities across gender in how business cycles affect:\n  - Unemployment\n  - Income risk\n  - Hours worked\n  - Responses to monetary and fiscal policy shocks"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subjects: Business cycles, Economic growth, Economic recession, Economic sectors, Gender, Gender inequality, Labor, Unemployment, Women\n- Keywords: business cycles, cyclical sensitivity, Economic recession, fiscal policy shock, gender, Gender inequality, Global, IMF library, impulse responses from monetary policy shock, income risk, labor force participation, men's employment, unemployment, Women, women's employment\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Gender and Business Cycles\n  - Gender and Business Cycles (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Gender and Business Cycles (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Diego B. P. Gomes",
    "Published: April 4, 2024",
    "Series: Gender Notes",
    "Volume: 2024",
    "Issue: 001",
    "Pages: 22",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400270376.067",
    "Stock No: GNSEA202400",
    "Author: Diego B. P. Gomes",
    "Date: April 4, 2024",
    "Series: Gender Notes No. 2024/001",
    "Issue: 001",
    "Summary: This note reviews the literature on the complex relationship between gender and business cycles. It focuses on nuanced patterns that challenge the notion of gender neutrality in economic fluctuations. The note also analyzes dimensions, such as unemployment, income risk, hours worked, and responses to monetary and fiscal policy shocks, and documents distinctive disparities.",
    "Business cycles and gendered impacts:",
    "Labor market dimensions:",
    "Income and risk:",
    "Policy shock responses:",
    "The literature documents distinctive disparities across gender in how business cycles affect:",
    "Subjects: Business cycles, Economic growth, Economic recession, Economic sectors, Gender, Gender inequality, Labor, Unemployment, Women",
    "Keywords: business cycles, cyclical sensitivity, Economic recession, fiscal policy shock, gender, Gender inequality, Global, IMF library, impulse responses from monetary policy shock, income risk, labor force participation, men's employment, unemployment, Women, women's employment",
    "**Gender and Business Cycles**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Gender and Business Cycles",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/gns/2024/english/gnsea2024001.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/gns/2024/english/gnsea2024001.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/gns/2024/english/gnsea2024001.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/gender-notes/issues/2024/04/04/gender-and-business-cycles-546729/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-21T18:25:14.537Z"
}