{
  "title": "Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa",
  "publication": "IMF Special Issues, September 20, 2005",
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  "summary": "In recent years, African policymakers have increasingly resorted to regional trade arrangements (RTAs) as a substitute for broad-based trade liberalization. This trend has long-term implications for the effectiveness of trade policy as a tool for poverty reduction and growth.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- In recent years, African policymakers have increasingly resorted to regional trade arrangements (RTAs) as a substitute for broad-based trade liberalization.\n- The trend has long-term implications for the effectiveness of trade policy as a tool for poverty reduction and growth.\n- The paper examines the record of RTAs in promoting trade and investment and explores policy measures that may help improve RTAs' performance."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Findings on RTAs, trade, and investment",
      "content": "- RTAs have been used as substitutes for MFN liberalization and broad-based trade liberalization.\n- The performance of RTAs is evaluated in terms of their ability to promote trade and investment.\n- The paper addresses issues related to trade barriers, trade diversion, trade facilitation, tariffs, and trading cost."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy measures and recommendations explored",
      "content": "- The paper explores policy measures that may help improve RTAs' performance (specific measures are discussed in the full paper).\n- Emphasis on improving trade facilitation and reducing trade barriers to enhance the effectiveness of RTAs.\n- Consideration of the role of trade policy priority and revenue administration in shaping outcomes."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Exports, International trade, Revenue administration, Tariffs, Taxes, Trade barriers, Trade facilitation, Trade liberalization\n- Keywords: Africa, East Asia, Exports, Global, ISI, liberalization, MFN liberalization, regional trade arrangements, RTAs, SI, Tariffs, trade, trade arrangements in Africa, Trade barriers, trade diversion, Trade facilitation, Trade liberalization, trade liberalization work, trade policy priority, trading cost\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa; International Monetary Fund; September 20, 2005\n  - Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa; International Monetary Fund; September 20, 2005 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa; International Monetary Fund; September 20, 2005 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/imf-special-issues/issues/2016/12/31/regional-trade-arrangements-in-africa-18099"
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    "Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Yongzheng Yang",
    "Published: September 20, 2005",
    "Series: IMF Special Issues",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589064393.058",
    "In recent years, African policymakers have increasingly resorted to regional trade arrangements (RTAs) as a substitute for broad-based trade liberalization.",
    "The trend has long-term implications for the effectiveness of trade policy as a tool for poverty reduction and growth.",
    "The paper examines the record of RTAs in promoting trade and investment and explores policy measures that may help improve RTAs' performance.",
    "RTAs have been used as substitutes for MFN liberalization and broad-based trade liberalization.",
    "The performance of RTAs is evaluated in terms of their ability to promote trade and investment.",
    "The paper addresses issues related to trade barriers, trade diversion, trade facilitation, tariffs, and trading cost.",
    "The paper explores policy measures that may help improve RTAs' performance (specific measures are discussed in the full paper).",
    "Emphasis on improving trade facilitation and reducing trade barriers to enhance the effectiveness of RTAs.",
    "Consideration of the role of trade policy priority and revenue administration in shaping outcomes.",
    "Subject: Exports, International trade, Revenue administration, Tariffs, Taxes, Trade barriers, Trade facilitation, Trade liberalization",
    "Keywords: Africa, East Asia, Exports, Global, ISI, liberalization, MFN liberalization, regional trade arrangements, RTAs, SI, Tariffs, trade, trade arrangements in Africa, Trade barriers, trade diversion, Trade facilitation, Trade liberalization, trade liberalization work, trade policy priority, trading cost",
    "**Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa; International Monetary Fund; September 20, 2005**"
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