{
  "title": "Aging Populations and Public Pension Schemes",
  "publication": "Occasional Papers, December 30, 1996",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860/index.md",
  "summary": "This paper discusses a study analyzing aging populations and public pension schemes. An aging society is characterized by a growing proportion of the retired to the active working population. The study examines the pension-related aging problem primarily from a fiscal perspective.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and Objective",
      "content": "- Authors: Sheetal K. Chand, Albert Jaeger\n- Publication date: December 30, 1996\n- Objective: Analyze pension-related aging problems primarily from a fiscal perspective by examining how prospective demographic developments that affect the proportion of the pensionable elderly affect pension outlays."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key Findings",
      "content": "- An aging society is characterized by a growing proportion of the retired to the active working population.\n- The study confirms that very serious fiscal stresses are in prospect for most industrial economies.\n- Addressing pension-related fiscal problems will require major actions early, given the long lead times involved in reforming a pension fund's financial position."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analytical Focus",
      "content": "- Fiscal perspective on population aging and public pension schemes.\n- Examination of how demographic developments change the proportion of pensionable elderly and consequent pension outlays.\n- Consideration of pension system parameters and their implications for fiscal sustainability."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy Implications and Recommendations (as stated)",
      "content": "- Major actions are required early to address projected fiscal stresses associated with aging populations.\n- Reform measures should account for long lead times needed to restore or secure a pension fund’s financial position."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and Keywords",
      "content": "- Subjects: Aging, Expenditure, Fiscal policy, Fiscal stance, Labor, Pension spending, Pensions, Population and demographics, Retirement\n- Keywords: Aging, contribution rate, Fiscal stance, Global, indexation option, OP, PAYG, PAYG system, pension liability, Pension spending, Pensions, population aging, rate, replacement rate, Retirement\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Sheetal K. Chand, Albert Jaeger",
    "Published: December 30, 1996",
    "Series: Occasional Papers",
    "Authors: Sheetal K. Chand, Albert Jaeger",
    "Publication date: December 30, 1996",
    "Objective: Analyze pension-related aging problems primarily from a fiscal perspective by examining how prospective demographic developments that affect the proportion of the pensionable elderly affect pension outlays.",
    "An aging society is characterized by a growing proportion of the retired to the active working population.",
    "The study confirms that very serious fiscal stresses are in prospect for most industrial economies.",
    "Addressing pension-related fiscal problems will require major actions early, given the long lead times involved in reforming a pension fund's financial position.",
    "Fiscal perspective on population aging and public pension schemes.",
    "Examination of how demographic developments change the proportion of pensionable elderly and consequent pension outlays.",
    "Consideration of pension system parameters and their implications for fiscal sustainability.",
    "Major actions are required early to address projected fiscal stresses associated with aging populations.",
    "Reform measures should account for long lead times needed to restore or secure a pension fund’s financial position.",
    "Subjects: Aging, Expenditure, Fiscal policy, Fiscal stance, Labor, Pension spending, Pensions, Population and demographics, Retirement",
    "Keywords: Aging, contribution rate, Fiscal stance, Global, indexation option, OP, PAYG, PAYG system, pension liability, Pension spending, Pensions, population aging, rate, replacement rate, Retirement"
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/aging-populations-and-public-pension-schemes-3860/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-20T17:41:33.882Z"
}