{
  "title": "Exchange Rates and Economic Fundamentals: A Framework for Analysis",
  "publication": "Occasional Papers, September 15, 1994",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436/index.md",
  "summary": "This paper summarizes the methods and types of indicators that are often employed, both insid and outside the IMF, to assess whether exchange rates are broadly in line with economic fundamentals.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- This paper summarizes the methods and types of indicators that are often employed, both insid and outside the IMF, to assess whether exchange rates are broadly in line with economic fundamentals.\n- Authors: Steven A. Symansky, Peter B. Clark, Leonardo Bartolini, Tamim Bayoumi\n- Date of publication: September 15, 1994\n- Series: Occasional Paper No. 1994/001\n- Pages: 31\n- Issue: 001"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Primary themes and analytical focus",
      "content": "- Balance of payments\n- Competition\n- Current account\n- Exchange rates\n- Financial markets\n- Foreign exchange\n- Purchasing power parity\n- Real exchange rates"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Keywords and specific indicators emphasized",
      "content": "- Competition\n- cost\n- Current account\n- current account position\n- equilibrium exchange rate\n- exchange market intervention\n- exchange market pressure\n- exchange rate\n- Exchange rates\n- financial market condition\n- Global\n- misaligned exchange rate\n- nominal exchange rate\n- OP\n- Purchasing power parity\n- Real exchange rates"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Summary of contribution (as stated in the paper)",
      "content": "- Summarizes methods and types of indicators used to assess whether exchange rates are broadly in line with economic fundamentals.\n- Scope: indicators and methods used both inside and outside the IMF.\n\nExchange Rates and Economic Fundamentals: A Framework for Analysis, Steven A. Symansky, Peter B. Clark, Leonardo Bartolini, and Tamim Bayoumi. September 15, 1994. Occasional Paper No. 1994/001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557754516.084\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Steven A. Symansky, Peter B. Clark, Leonardo Bartolini, Tamim Bayoumi",
    "Published: September 15, 1994",
    "Series: Occasional Papers",
    "Volume: 1994",
    "Issue: 001",
    "Pages: 31",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557754516.084",
    "Stock No: S115EA0000000",
    "ISBN: 978155775451",
    "This paper summarizes the methods and types of indicators that are often employed, both insid and outside the IMF, to assess whether exchange rates are broadly in line with economic fundamentals.",
    "Authors: Steven A. Symansky, Peter B. Clark, Leonardo Bartolini, Tamim Bayoumi",
    "Date of publication: September 15, 1994",
    "Series: Occasional Paper No. 1994/001",
    "Pages: 31",
    "Issue: 001",
    "Balance of payments",
    "Competition",
    "Current account",
    "Exchange rates",
    "Financial markets",
    "Foreign exchange",
    "Purchasing power parity",
    "Real exchange rates",
    "Competition",
    "cost",
    "Current account",
    "current account position",
    "equilibrium exchange rate",
    "exchange market intervention",
    "exchange market pressure",
    "exchange rate",
    "Exchange rates",
    "financial market condition",
    "Global",
    "misaligned exchange rate",
    "nominal exchange rate",
    "OP",
    "Purchasing power parity",
    "Real exchange rates",
    "Summarizes methods and types of indicators used to assess whether exchange rates are broadly in line with economic fundamentals.",
    "Scope: indicators and methods used both inside and outside the IMF."
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/exchange-rates-and-economic-fundamentals-a-framework-for-analysis-436/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-19T04:43:51.179Z"
}