{
  "title": "Government Employment and Pay: Some International Comparisons",
  "publication": "Occasional Papers, October 31, 1983",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/government-employment-and-pay-some-international-comparisons-192",
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  "summary": "How many people are employed by the government? How many are employed by the central government compared with the state and local authorities? How many are employed in public enterprise? How much are they all paid? How much are they paid relative to each other, or relative to the private sector?",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- Raises core empirical questions: \"How many people are employed by the government? How many are employed by the central government compared with the state and local authorities? How many are employed in public enterprise? How much are they all paid? How much are they paid relative to each other, or relative to the private sector?\"\n- Emphasizes that these questions interest the public, economists, and policymakers.\n- Notes that \"it is remarkable how little information is readily accessible\" on these topics."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Major themes and scope",
      "content": "- Comparative measurement of government employment across:\n  - central government employment\n  - state and local authorities\n  - public enterprise employment\n- Comparative measurement of pay:\n  - pay levels within government tiers\n  - pay comparisons between public sector and private sector\n- Focus on data availability and comparability issues."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject classification and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Employment, Income, Labor, National accounts, Public employment, Public sector wages, Wages\n- Keywords: Africa, Asia and Pacific, Caribbean, central government employment, country, employee, Employment, government, government employee, government wage rate, Income, OP, Public employment, Public sector wages, salary expenditure, share decline, wage, Wages\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/government-employment-and-pay-some-international-comparisons-192"
    }
  ],
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    "Authors: Alan A. Tait, Peter S. Heller",
    "Published: October 31, 1983",
    "Series: Occasional Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557750686.084",
    "Raises core empirical questions: \"How many people are employed by the government? How many are employed by the central government compared with the state and local authorities? How many are employed in public enterprise? How much are they all paid? How much are they paid relative to each other, or relative to the private sector?\"",
    "Emphasizes that these questions interest the public, economists, and policymakers.",
    "Notes that \"it is remarkable how little information is readily accessible\" on these topics.",
    "Comparative measurement of government employment across:",
    "Comparative measurement of pay:",
    "Focus on data availability and comparability issues.",
    "Subject: Employment, Income, Labor, National accounts, Public employment, Public sector wages, Wages",
    "Keywords: Africa, Asia and Pacific, Caribbean, central government employment, country, employee, Employment, government, government employee, government wage rate, Income, OP, Public employment, Public sector wages, salary expenditure, share decline, wage, Wages"
  ],
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