{
  "title": "The West African Economic and Monetary Union: Recent Developments and Policy Issues",
  "publication": "Occasional Papers, September 30, 1998",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/the-west-african-economic-and-monetary-union-recent-developments-and-policy-issues-2743",
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  "summary": "Following a serious deterioration of the competitive position of the WAEMU region in the 1980s and the eary 1990s, the countries took steps that have led to a significant turnaround in economic activity, a drop in inflation, and increases in output, exports and investment.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and context",
      "content": "- Title: The West African Economic and Monetary Union: Recent Developments and Policy Issues\n- Authors: Ernesto Hernández-Catá, C. A. François\n- Publication date: September 30, 1998\n- Series: Occasional Paper No. 1998/017\n- Issue: 017\n- Volume: 1998\n- Pages: 39\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557757555.084\n- Stock No: S170EA0000000\n- ISBN: 9781557757555\n- ISSN: 0251-6365\n- Citation example provided (including access date): Ernesto Hernández-Catá, and C. A. François The West African Economic and Monetary Union: Recent Developments and Policy Issues, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 1998) accessed 9/18/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557757555.084"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Following a serious deterioration of the competitive position of the WAEMU region in the 1980s and the eary 1990s, the countries took steps that have led to:\n  - a significant turnaround in economic activity\n  - a drop in inflation\n  - increases in output, exports and investment\n- The study describes policy issues that the region continues to face and suggests how the WAEMU countries can address them."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Thematic subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Bank credit, Banking, Commercial banks, Financial institutions, Monetary expansion, Monetary policy, Money, Revenue administration, Tariffs, Taxes\n- Keywords: Africa, Bank credit, CAEMC country, CFA franc, Commercial banks, common currency, country, investment ratio, Monetary expansion, OP, privatization program, prudent fiscal policy, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tariffs, WAEMU treaty, West Africa"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy issues and suggested directions (as described)",
      "content": "- The region continues to face policy issues following the turnaround; the study:\n  - describes those policy issues\n  - suggests how the WAEMU countries can address them"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Access and formats",
      "content": "- Published as an IMF Occasional Paper\n- More Formats available on IMF eLibrary\n- Options mentioned: Preview Citation, Create Citation, Order a Print Copy, multiple citation export formats (.ris, ProCite, RefWorks, Reference Manager, .bib, BibTex, Zotero, .enw, EndNote)\n\nSource: The West African Economic and Monetary Union: Recent Developments and Policy Issues (Occasional Paper No. 1998/017), Ernesto Hernández-Catá and C. A. François, September 30, 1998.\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/occasional-papers/issues/2016/12/30/the-west-african-economic-and-monetary-union-recent-developments-and-policy-issues-2743"
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    "Authors: Ernesto Hernández-Catá, C. A. François",
    "Published: September 30, 1998",
    "Series: Occasional Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557757555.084",
    "Title: The West African Economic and Monetary Union: Recent Developments and Policy Issues",
    "Authors: Ernesto Hernández-Catá, C. A. François",
    "Publication date: September 30, 1998",
    "Series: Occasional Paper No. 1998/017",
    "Issue: 017",
    "Volume: 1998",
    "Pages: 39",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557757555.084",
    "Stock No: S170EA0000000",
    "ISBN: 9781557757555",
    "ISSN: 0251-6365",
    "Citation example provided (including access date): Ernesto Hernández-Catá, and C. A. François The West African Economic and Monetary Union: Recent Developments and Policy Issues, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 1998) accessed 9/18/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557757555.084",
    "Following a serious deterioration of the competitive position of the WAEMU region in the 1980s and the eary 1990s, the countries took steps that have led to:",
    "The study describes policy issues that the region continues to face and suggests how the WAEMU countries can address them.",
    "Subject: Bank credit, Banking, Commercial banks, Financial institutions, Monetary expansion, Monetary policy, Money, Revenue administration, Tariffs, Taxes",
    "Keywords: Africa, Bank credit, CAEMC country, CFA franc, Commercial banks, common currency, country, investment ratio, Monetary expansion, OP, privatization program, prudent fiscal policy, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tariffs, WAEMU treaty, West Africa",
    "The region continues to face policy issues following the turnaround; the study:",
    "Published as an IMF Occasional Paper",
    "More Formats available on IMF eLibrary",
    "Options mentioned: Preview Citation, Create Citation, Order a Print Copy, multiple citation export formats (.ris, ProCite, RefWorks, Reference Manager, .bib, BibTex, Zotero, .enw, EndNote)"
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