{
  "title": "Past IMF Staff Assessments on Offshore Financial Centers (OFCs)",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/ofca-by-date",
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  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/ofca-by-date/index.md",
  "summary": "Since 2008, the IMF has not used or maintained the list of Offshore Financial Centers.",
  "authors": [
    "Jurisdiction Bermuda"
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Program background and evolution",
      "content": "- The OFC program was inaugurated in 2000.\n- On May 30, 2008, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed to integrate the offshore financial center (OFC) assessment program with the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP).\n- Since 2008, the IMF has not used or maintained the list of Offshore Financial Centers.\n- Last Update: October 03, 2019"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Objectives of the 2008 integration decision",
      "content": "- The integration of the program with the FSAP aims to (i) facilitate a more uniform and risk-based approach to financial sector surveillance and improve coordination of Fund analysis across jurisdictions; (ii) provide for a better allocation of Fund resources, with a specific focus on the small number of OFCs that account for the overwhelming volume of offshore activity and could be expected to pose major financial system risks; and (iii) eliminate the need to maintain a potentially discriminatory list of OFC jurisdictions."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Program outcomes and scope prior to integration",
      "content": "- The OFC program \"has helped to strengthen regulation and supervision, and to improve compliance with supervisory standards in offshore jurisdictions.\"\n- The webpage lists OFC assessments prior to the 2008 Board decision to integrate the OFC assessment program with the FSAP.\n- The IMF provided a sequence of progress reports, information notes, and Public Information Notices relating to the OFC program, including reports dated July 9, 2008; February 8, 2006; February 25, 2005; March 12, 2004; November 24, 2003; July 31, 2003; March 14, 2003; August 29, 2002; October 2002; August 21, 2001; June 29, 2001; July 26, 2000; June 23, 2000 (multiple items)."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Sample IMF staff assessments (jurisdictions and exact dates)",
      "content": "- Bermuda: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector, October 16, 2008\n- Samoa: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation including Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Banking Supervision, June 29, 2007 (312 k pdf file)\n- Samoa: Detailed Assessment of Compliance with the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, June 29, 2007 (488 k pdf file)\n- Gibraltar, Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the following topics: Banking Supervision, Insurance Supervision, and Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism, May 21, 2007 (428 k pdf file)\n- Andorra, Principality of: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation, February 16, 2007 (582 k pdf file)\n- Panama: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the following topics: Banking Supervision, Insurance Supervision, and Securities Regulation, February 15, 2007 (442 k pdf file)\n- Cyprus: Detailed Assessments of Observance of Standards and Codes for Banking Supervision, Insurance Supervision, and Securities Regulation, October 23, 2006 (962 k pdf file)\n- Cayman Islands: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector--Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, March 11, 2005 (1179 k pdf file)\n- Bermuda: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector: Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, January 30, 2005 (1050 k pdf file)\n- Cook Islands: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector, Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, October 30, 2004 (876 k pdf file)\n- Seychelles: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector--Review of Financial Sector Regulation and Supervision, October 30, 2004 (300 k pdf file)\n- Netherlands Antilles, Kingdom of the Netherlands: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II-- Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, August 26, 2004 (981 k pdf file)\n- Liechtenstein: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, August 01, 2003 (980 k pdf file)\n- Guernsey, Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, October 30, 2003 (1380 k pdf file)\n- Jersey, Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, October 30, 2003 (1396 k pdf file)\n- Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands: Offshore Financial Center Assessment, June 30, 2002 (6177 k pdf file)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Related standards and coordination efforts noted",
      "content": "- Standards and Codes and Offshore Banking and Financial Centers are referenced as related frameworks.\n- Specific IMF outputs connected to the OFC program include: \"Offshore Financial Centers -- The Assessment Program — A Progress Report\", \"Offshore Financial Centers The Assessment Program—An Update\", \"Offshore Financial Centers: The Assessment Program - A Progress Report and the Future of the Program\", and various Public Information Notices and progress reports spanning 2000–2008."
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "The OFC program was inaugurated in 2000.",
    "On May 30, 2008, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed to integrate the offshore financial center (OFC) assessment program with the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP).",
    "Since 2008, the IMF has not used or maintained the list of Offshore Financial Centers.",
    "Last Update: October 03, 2019",
    "The integration of the program with the FSAP aims to (i) facilitate a more uniform and risk-based approach to financial sector surveillance and improve coordination of Fund analysis across jurisdictions; (ii) provide for a better allocation of Fund resources, with a specific focus on the small number of OFCs that account for the overwhelming volume of offshore activity and could be expected to pose major financial system risks; and (iii) eliminate the need to maintain a potentially discriminatory list of OFC jurisdictions.",
    "The OFC program \"has helped to strengthen regulation and supervision, and to improve compliance with supervisory standards in offshore jurisdictions.\"",
    "The webpage lists OFC assessments prior to the 2008 Board decision to integrate the OFC assessment program with the FSAP.",
    "The IMF provided a sequence of progress reports, information notes, and Public Information Notices relating to the OFC program, including reports dated July 9, 2008; February 8, 2006; February 25, 2005; March 12, 2004; November 24, 2003; July 31, 2003; March 14, 2003; August 29, 2002; October 2002; August 21, 2001; June 29, 2001; July 26, 2000; June 23, 2000 (multiple items).",
    "Bermuda: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector, October 16, 2008",
    "Samoa: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation including Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Banking Supervision, June 29, 2007 (312 k pdf file)",
    "Samoa: Detailed Assessment of Compliance with the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, June 29, 2007 (488 k pdf file)",
    "Gibraltar, Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the following topics: Banking Supervision, Insurance Supervision, and Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism, May 21, 2007 (428 k pdf file)",
    "Andorra, Principality of: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation, February 16, 2007 (582 k pdf file)",
    "Panama: Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the following topics: Banking Supervision, Insurance Supervision, and Securities Regulation, February 15, 2007 (442 k pdf file)",
    "Cyprus: Detailed Assessments of Observance of Standards and Codes for Banking Supervision, Insurance Supervision, and Securities Regulation, October 23, 2006 (962 k pdf file)",
    "Cayman Islands: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector--Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, March 11, 2005 (1179 k pdf file)",
    "Bermuda: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector: Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, January 30, 2005 (1050 k pdf file)",
    "Cook Islands: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector, Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, October 30, 2004 (876 k pdf file)",
    "Seychelles: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector--Review of Financial Sector Regulation and Supervision, October 30, 2004 (300 k pdf file)",
    "Netherlands Antilles, Kingdom of the Netherlands: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II-- Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, August 26, 2004 (981 k pdf file)",
    "Liechtenstein: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, August 01, 2003 (980 k pdf file)",
    "Guernsey, Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, October 30, 2003 (1380 k pdf file)",
    "Jersey, Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector Volume II--Detailed Assessment of Observance of Standards and Codes, October 30, 2003 (1396 k pdf file)",
    "Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands: Offshore Financial Center Assessment, June 30, 2002 (6177 k pdf file)",
    "Standards and Codes and Offshore Banking and Financial Centers are referenced as related frameworks.",
    "Specific IMF outputs connected to the OFC program include: \"Offshore Financial Centers -- The Assessment Program — A Progress Report\", \"Offshore Financial Centers The Assessment Program—An Update\", \"Offshore Financial Centers: The Assessment Program - A Progress Report and the Future of the Program\", and various Public Information Notices and progress reports spanning 2000–2008.",
    "**Offshore Financial Centers -- The Assessment Program — A Progress Report February 8, 2006**",
    "**Status of IMF Second-Phase Offshore Financial Center Assessments**",
    "**050808a**",
    "[Offshore Financial Center Assessment (PDF)](/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/063002.pdf){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}",
    "**073001a**",
    "**Cyprus -- Assessment of the Offshore Financial Sector**",
    "**Assessment of the Regulation and Supervision of the Financial Sector**",
    "**Gibraltar -- Assessment of the Regulation and Supervision of Financial Services**",
    "**Cr03253**",
    "**Detailed Assessment with Compliance with the Basel Core Principles—Domestic Banks**",
    "**Offshore Financial Centers Assessment Report for the Principality of Monaco**",
    "**The detailed assessments in this volume of the Offshore Financial Center Assessment of Monaco**",
    "**Cr03289**",
    "**Detailed Assessment of Compliance of the Basel Core Principles**",
    "**IMF Module 2 assessment of the Bailiwick of Guernsey — Executive Summary**",
    "**Detailed Assessment of Compliance with International Standards**",
    "**cr03366 - Preface**",
    "**Cr03367**",
    "**IMF assessment of Jersey**",
    "**Detailed Assessment of Jersey’s Financial Supervision**",
    "**Anguilla -- Review of Financial Sector Regulation and Supervision, October 2003**",
    "**Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector**",
    "**Cr04169**",
    "**Part 1: Assessing the AML/CFT in the legal and institutional framework**",
    "**Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector**",
    "**cr04271 — IMF Module II offshore financial center assessment of the Netherlands Antilles**",
    "**Cr04272**",
    "**cr04373 - Preface**",
    "**Cr04381**",
    "**Cr04391**",
    "**Offshore Financial Center Assessment Report for the Cook Islands — Preface and Key Findings**",
    "**Detailed Assessment of Compliance of the Basel Core Principles**",
    "**Cr0492**",
    "**1. Banking System**",
    "**cr0524 - Preface**",
    "**cr0591 - Preface**",
    "**Cr0592**",
    "**Offshore Financial Centers Assessment Report for Bermuda**",
    "**Detailed Assessment of Compliance of the Basel Core Principles**",
    "**Cr06347**",
    "**Cr06376**",
    "**Executive Summary**",
    "**Detailed Assessment Report of Observance of the Basel Core Principles**",
    "**Detailed Assessment Report of Observance of the Insurance Core Principles**",
    "**Detailed Assessment Report on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism**",
    "**Cr07221**",
    "**Detailed Assessment of Compliance with the Basel Core Principles**",
    "**Cr0766**",
    "**Cr0767**",
    "**Appendix II — Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes**",
    "**Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector**"
  ],
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    {
      "title": "Offshore Financial Centers -- The Assessment Program — A Progress Report February 8, 2006",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/020806.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Status of IMF Second-Phase Offshore Financial Center Assessments",
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      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/050808a.pdf",
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      "title": "073001a",
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      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/073001a.pdf",
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      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/083101.pdf",
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      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/083102.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Gibraltar -- Assessment of the Regulation and Supervision of Financial Services",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/103101.pdf",
      "summary": {
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    {
      "title": "Cr03253",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03253.pdf",
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        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03253.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Detailed Assessment with Compliance with the Basel Core Principles—Domestic Banks",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03254.pdf",
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        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03254.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Offshore Financial Centers Assessment Report for the Principality of Monaco",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03262.pdf",
      "summary": {
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      "title": "The detailed assessments in this volume of the Offshore Financial Center Assessment of Monaco",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03263.pdf",
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      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03263.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Cr03289",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03289.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03289.pdf.md",
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      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03289.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
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    },
    {
      "title": "Detailed Assessment of Compliance of the Basel Core Principles",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03290.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03290.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
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      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03290.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    },
    {
      "title": "IMF Module 2 assessment of the Bailiwick of Guernsey — Executive Summary",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03364.pdf",
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        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03364.pdf.md",
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        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03364.pdf",
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    },
    {
      "title": "Detailed Assessment of Compliance with International Standards",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03365.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03365.pdf.md",
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    },
    {
      "title": "cr03366 - Preface",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03366.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Cr03367",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03367.pdf",
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    },
    {
      "title": "IMF assessment of Jersey",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03368.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03368.pdf.md",
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    },
    {
      "title": "Detailed Assessment of Jersey’s Financial Supervision",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03369.pdf",
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    },
    {
      "title": "Anguilla -- Review of Financial Sector Regulation and Supervision, October 2003",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03370.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr03371.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Cr04169",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr04169.pdf",
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    },
    {
      "title": "Part 1: Assessing the AML/CFT in the legal and institutional framework",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr04170.pdf",
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    {
      "title": "Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr04171.pdf",
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    },
    {
      "title": "cr04271 — IMF Module II offshore financial center assessment of the Netherlands Antilles",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr04271.pdf",
      "summary": {
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        "mime": "text/markdown"
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    },
    {
      "title": "Cr04272",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr04272.pdf",
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    },
    {
      "title": "cr04373 - Preface",
      "role": "report",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr04373.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/ofca/english/cr04373.pdf.md",
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    {
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