{
  "title": "Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies",
  "publication": "Policy Papers, June 15, 2012",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/policy-papers/issues/2016/12/31/fiscal-policy-and-employment-in-advanced-and-emerging-economies-pp4668",
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  "summary": "This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging economies, the paper provides a unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures that have usually been addressed separately.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Scope and methodology",
      "content": "- Uses data for 58 advanced and emerging economies to provide a unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures.\n- Focuses on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment through aggregate demand effects.\n- Discusses policies to improve the matching of labor supply and demand.\n- Provides a comprehensive set of tables on fiscal policies and labor market outturns for advanced and emerging economies to permit cross-country comparisons and facilitate the design of reform strategies.\n- Publication date: June 15, 2012."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Tax and expenditure policy reforms can be designed to raise employment by targeting incentives affecting labor demand and labor supply.\n- A unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures reveals complementarities and trade-offs that are often missed when these measures are considered separately.\n- Improving the matching of labor supply and demand is an important channel through which fiscal policy can boost employment."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations and principles for reform design",
      "content": "- Design country-specific fiscal reforms guided by principles that align tax and expenditure measures with incentives to increase labor demand and supply.\n- Use cross-country comparisons, enabled by the paper’s comprehensive tables, to inform reform strategies tailored to country circumstances."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Additional information",
      "content": "- Subjects covered: Demand, Developed countries, Emerging markets, Employment, Fiscal policy, Government expenditures, Labor markets, Labor supply, Tax policy.\n\nSource: Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies, June 15, 2012, International Monetary Fund.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies; IMF Policy Paper; June 15, 2012\n  - Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies; IMF Policy Paper; June 15, 2012 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies; IMF Policy Paper; June 15, 2012 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/policy-papers/issues/2016/12/31/fiscal-policy-and-employment-in-advanced-and-emerging-economies-pp4668"
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    "Published: June 15, 2012",
    "Series: Policy Papers",
    "Uses data for 58 advanced and emerging economies to provide a unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures.",
    "Focuses on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment through aggregate demand effects.",
    "Discusses policies to improve the matching of labor supply and demand.",
    "Provides a comprehensive set of tables on fiscal policies and labor market outturns for advanced and emerging economies to permit cross-country comparisons and facilitate the design of reform strategies.",
    "Publication date: June 15, 2012.",
    "Tax and expenditure policy reforms can be designed to raise employment by targeting incentives affecting labor demand and labor supply.",
    "A unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures reveals complementarities and trade-offs that are often missed when these measures are considered separately.",
    "Improving the matching of labor supply and demand is an important channel through which fiscal policy can boost employment.",
    "Design country-specific fiscal reforms guided by principles that align tax and expenditure measures with incentives to increase labor demand and supply.",
    "Use cross-country comparisons, enabled by the paper’s comprehensive tables, to inform reform strategies tailored to country circumstances.",
    "Subjects covered: Demand, Developed countries, Emerging markets, Employment, Fiscal policy, Government expenditures, Labor markets, Labor supply, Tax policy.",
    "**Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies; IMF Policy Paper; June 15, 2012**"
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