## Regional Economic Outlook: Asia and Pacific, April 2013 - Shifting Risks, New Foundations for Growth _Asia and Pacific, April 29, 2013_ ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [Regional Economic Outlook: Asia and Pacific, April 2013 - Shifting Risks, New Foundations for Growth](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo/apac/issues/2017/03/09/shifting-risks-new-foundations-for-growth) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/en/publications/reo/apac/issues/2017/03/09/shifting-risks-new-foundations-for-growth/index.md) - [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/reo/apac/issues/2017/03/09/shifting-risks-new-foundations-for-growth/index.json) - [Bundle manifest](/en/publications/reo/apac/issues/2017/03/09/shifting-risks-new-foundations-for-growth/bundle-manifest.json) ## Bibliographic details - Published: April 29, 2013 - Series: Asia and Pacific --- ### Executive Summary - Growth in the Asia-Pacific region shows signs of improving as extreme risks emanating from advanced economies have receded and domestic demand remains resilient. - Supporting factors: relatively easy financial conditions and robust labor markets. - Projection: a small and gradual pick-up in growth to over 5¾ percent is projected in the course of 2013. - Emerging internal risks: rising financial imbalances and asset prices in some economies are becoming clearer into focus. - Policy priorities highlighted: - Monetary policymakers should stand ready to respond early and decisively to shifting risks. - Macroprudential measures will have a role to play. - Some fiscal consolidation in many Asian economies could rebuild space to respond to future shocks and preempt potential overheating pressures from capital inflows. - A growing need to make tax and spending policies more efficient. - To sustain high growth rates and alleviate the “middle-income trap” across Emerging Asia, policies will vary by jurisdiction but will often include strengthening infrastructure investment and reforming goods and labor markets. ### I. Managing Shifting Risks - Signs of Pickup amid Receding Tail Risks: - Extreme tail risks from advanced economies have receded, improving growth prospects. - Stronger Prospects Hinge on Internal Demand Dynamics: - Continued resilience of domestic demand will be crucial for sustaining the pickup. - More Balanced, but Shifting Risks: - While external risks have diminished, internal risks such as financial imbalances and asset price pressures have become more prominent. - A Transition to Rebuilding Policy Space: - Recommendation for some fiscal consolidation to rebuild buffers. - Laying Foundations for Sustained and Shared Prosperity: - Emphasis on long-run reforms to support inclusive growth and prevent future crises. ### II. Fiscal Policy: Dampening Cyclical Fluctuations and Supporting Inclusive Growth - Role of Fiscal Policy: - Fiscal policy can dampen cyclical fluctuations in Asia. - Increasing Space to Support Sustained and Inclusive Growth: - Some fiscal consolidation is advised to rebuild policy space. - Improving efficiency of tax and spending policies is recommended to create room for investment in growth-promoting areas such as infrastructure. - Specific fiscal topics included in the report contents (listed for emphasis on analysis areas): - Cash Transfers in India - Fiscal Impulse, 2007–12 - Procyclicality and Institutional Strength, 1980–2011 - Multipliers for Government Spending and Public Investment in Asia, Four-Quarters - Automatic Stabilizers, 2001–11 - General Government Revenue and GDP per Capita, 2011 - Yields from Personal Income Tax; Corporate Income Tax; VAT and Sales Tax - Public Investment and Infrastructure; Public Social Spending: Health and Education; Subsidies and Social Benefits; Food and Energy Subsidies ### III. Is Middle-Income Asia at Risk of a Sustained Growth Slowdown? - Framing questions addressed: - What Is a Sustained Growth Slowdown? - Are Middle-Income Economies Different? - What Explains the Likelihood of Getting Trapped? - Are Middle-Income Asian Economies at Risk of a Sustained Growth Slowdown? - Can Emerging Asia Get Old before It Gets Rich? - Policy implications to address the “middle-income trap”: - Strengthen infrastructure investment. - Reform goods and labor markets. - Tailor policy agendas to jurisdiction-specific needs to sustain high growth rates and support shared prosperity. *Regional Economic Outlook: Asia and Pacific, April 2013 - Shifting Risks, New Foundations for Growth* --- ## Content in this bundle - **fig_box1_1** - [fig_box1_1 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_1.xlsx.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [fig_box1_1 (XLSX)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_1.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **dataset overview** - [dataset overview (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_10.xlsx.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [dataset overview (XLSX)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_10.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **Dataset: fig_box1_2** - [Dataset: fig_box1_2 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_2.xlsx.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dataset: fig_box1_2 (XLSX)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_2.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **Fig Box1 3** - [Fig Box1 3 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_3.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig Box1 3 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_3.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **dataset overview** - [dataset overview (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_4.xlsx.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [dataset overview (XLSX)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_4.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **fig_box1_6** - [fig_box1_6 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_6.xlsx.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [fig_box1_6 (XLSX)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_6.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **fig_box1_7 — Dataset overview** - [fig_box1_7 — Dataset overview (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_7.xlsx.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [fig_box1_7 — Dataset overview (XLSX)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_7.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **fig_box1_9** - [fig_box1_9 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_9.xlsx.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [fig_box1_9 (XLSX)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig_box1_9.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **Figure 1.1. GDP Growth and Financial Market Conditions** - [Figure 1.1. GDP Growth and Financial Market Conditions (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_1.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.1. GDP Growth and Financial Market Conditions (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_1.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.10. Asia: Current Account Balances** - [Figure 1.10. Asia: Current Account Balances (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_10.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.10. Asia: Current Account Balances (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_10.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.11. Indicator Model for Asia: Projected vs. Actual Real GDP Growth** - [Figure 1.11. Indicator Model for Asia: Projected vs. Actual Real GDP Growth (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_11.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.11. Indicator Model for Asia: Projected vs. Actual Real GDP Growth (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_11.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.12. Selected Asia: Contributions to Projected Growth** - [Figure 1.12. Selected Asia: Contributions to Projected Growth (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_12.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.12. Selected Asia: Contributions to Projected Growth (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_12.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.13. Asia: Financial Conditions Index** - [Figure 1.13. Asia: Financial Conditions Index (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_13.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.13. Asia: Financial Conditions Index (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_13.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.14. Emerging Asia: Response of Credit Growth and Long-Term Interest Rate to Non-FDI Inflows** - [Figure 1.14. Emerging Asia: Response of Credit Growth and Long-Term Interest Rate to Non-FDI Inflows (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_14.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.14. Emerging Asia: Response of Credit Growth and Long-Term Interest Rate to Non-FDI Inflows (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_14.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.15. Emerging Asia: Response of Domestic Demand to Portfolio Equity Flows** - [Figure 1.15. Emerging Asia: Response of Domestic Demand to Portfolio Equity Flows (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_15.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.15. Emerging Asia: Response of Domestic Demand to Portfolio Equity Flows (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_15.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig1 16** - [Fig1 16 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_16.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig1 16 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_16.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig1 17** - [Fig1 17 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_17.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig1 17 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_17.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.18. Asia: Real GDP Growth** - [Figure 1.18. Asia: Real GDP Growth (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_18.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.18. Asia: Real GDP Growth (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_18.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.2. Selected Asia: Equity and Bond Funds�Quarterly Net Flows during 2010 to 2013** - [Figure 1.2. Selected Asia: Equity and Bond Funds�Quarterly Net Flows during 2010 to 2013 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_2.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.2. Selected Asia: Equity and Bond Funds�Quarterly Net Flows during 2010 to 2013 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_2.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **dataset overview** - [dataset overview (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_20.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [dataset overview (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_20.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.21. Corporate Debt-to-Equity Ratio** - [Figure 1.21. Corporate Debt-to-Equity Ratio (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_21.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.21. Corporate Debt-to-Equity Ratio (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_21.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.22. Selected Asia: Nonfinancial Corporate Sector—Return on Assets** - [Figure 1.22. Selected Asia: Nonfinancial Corporate Sector—Return on Assets (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_22.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.22. Selected Asia: Nonfinancial Corporate Sector—Return on Assets (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_22.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.23. Selected Asia: Tier-1 Capital Ratio** - [Figure 1.23. Selected Asia: Tier-1 Capital Ratio (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_23.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.23. Selected Asia: Tier-1 Capital Ratio (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_23.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.24. Selected Asia: Liquidity Ratio** - [Figure 1.24. Selected Asia: Liquidity Ratio (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_24.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.24. Selected Asia: Liquidity Ratio (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_24.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.25. Selected Asia: Return on Assets** - [Figure 1.25. Selected Asia: Return on Assets (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_25.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.25. Selected Asia: Return on Assets (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_25.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.26. Selected Asia: Nonperforming Loans Ratio** - [Figure 1.26. Selected Asia: Nonperforming Loans Ratio (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_26.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.26. Selected Asia: Nonperforming Loans Ratio (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_26.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **dataset overview** - [dataset overview (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_27.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [dataset overview (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_27.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.28. Selected Asia: Contribution to Export Growth** - [Figure 1.28. Selected Asia: Contribution to Export Growth (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_28.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.28. Selected Asia: Contribution to Export Growth (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_28.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.29. Selected Asia: Links to Japan and Export Growth in 2011:Q2** - [Figure 1.29. Selected Asia: Links to Japan and Export Growth in 2011:Q2 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_29.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.29. Selected Asia: Links to Japan and Export Growth in 2011:Q2 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_29.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.3. Asia: Stock Markets** - [Figure 1.3. Asia: Stock Markets (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_3.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.3. Asia: Stock Markets (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_3.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.30. China Slowdown Scenario: Impact on Real GDP After Two Years** - [Figure 1.30. China Slowdown Scenario: Impact on Real GDP After Two Years (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_30.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.30. China Slowdown Scenario: Impact on Real GDP After Two Years (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_30.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.31. Japan Risk Contagion Scenario: Impact on Real GDP After Two Years** - [Figure 1.31. Japan Risk Contagion Scenario: Impact on Real GDP After Two Years (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_31.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.31. Japan Risk Contagion Scenario: Impact on Real GDP After Two Years (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_31.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.32. Selected Asia: Policy Rates** - [Figure 1.32. Selected Asia: Policy Rates (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_32.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.32. Selected Asia: Policy Rates (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_32.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.33. Selected Asia: Monetary Policy Stances** - [Figure 1.33. Selected Asia: Monetary Policy Stances (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_33.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.33. Selected Asia: Monetary Policy Stances (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_33.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.34. Output Gap vs. Credit Gap, Latest** - [Figure 1.34. Output Gap vs. Credit Gap, Latest (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_34.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.34. Output Gap vs. Credit Gap, Latest (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_34.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig1 35** - [Fig1 35 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_35.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig1 35 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_35.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.36. Selected Asia: Cyclically Adjusted Fiscal Balance** - [Figure 1.36. Selected Asia: Cyclically Adjusted Fiscal Balance (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_36.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.36. Selected Asia: Cyclically Adjusted Fiscal Balance (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_36.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig1 37** - [Fig1 37 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_37.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig1 37 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_37.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **dataset overview** - [dataset overview (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_38.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [dataset overview (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_38.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.4. Asia: Change in Credit to GDP, 2012** - [Figure 1.4. Asia: Change in Credit to GDP, 2012 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_4.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.4. Asia: Change in Credit to GDP, 2012 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_4.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.5. Asia: Effective Exchange Rates** - [Figure 1.5. Asia: Effective Exchange Rates (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_5.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.5. Asia: Effective Exchange Rates (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_5.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.6. Asia: Changes in Real GDP at Market Prices** - [Figure 1.6. Asia: Changes in Real GDP at Market Prices (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_6.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.6. Asia: Changes in Real GDP at Market Prices (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_6.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig1 7** - [Fig1 7 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_7.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig1 7 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_7.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig1 8** - [Fig1 8 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_8.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig1 8 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_8.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 1.9. Asia: Contributions to 2012 Change in Headline Inflation Rate** - [Figure 1.9. Asia: Contributions to 2012 Change in Headline Inflation Rate (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_9.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 1.9. Asia: Contributions to 2012 Change in Headline Inflation Rate (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig1_9.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.1. Correlation Between Government Spending and GDP** - [Figure 2.1. Correlation Between Government Spending and GDP (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_1.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.1. Correlation Between Government Spending and GDP (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_1.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.10. Selected Tax Revenues by Category** - [Figure 2.10. Selected Tax Revenues by Category (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_10.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.10. Selected Tax Revenues by Category (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_10.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.11. Public Investment and Infrastructure** - [Figure 2.11. Public Investment and Infrastructure (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_11.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.11. Public Investment and Infrastructure (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_11.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig2 12** - [Fig2 12 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_12.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig2 12 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_12.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.13. Subsidies and Social Benefits** - [Figure 2.13. Subsidies and Social Benefits (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_13.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.13. Subsidies and Social Benefits (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_13.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.14. Food and Energy Subsidies** - [Figure 2.14. Food and Energy Subsidies (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_14.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.14. Food and Energy Subsidies (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_14.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.2. Fiscal Impulse, 2007-12** - [Figure 2.2. Fiscal Impulse, 2007-12 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_2.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.2. Fiscal Impulse, 2007-12 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_2.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.3. Procyclicality and Institutional Strength** - [Figure 2.3. Procyclicality and Institutional Strength (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_3.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.3. Procyclicality and Institutional Strength (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_3.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.4. Multipliers for Government Spending and Public Investment in Asia, Four-Quarters** - [Figure 2.4. Multipliers for Government Spending and Public Investment in Asia, Four-Quarters (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_4.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.4. Multipliers for Government Spending and Public Investment in Asia, Four-Quarters (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_4.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.5. Automatic Stabilizers, 2001-11** - [Figure 2.5. Automatic Stabilizers, 2001-11 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_5.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.5. Automatic Stabilizers, 2001-11 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_5.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.6. General Government Revenue and GDP per Capita, 2011** - [Figure 2.6. General Government Revenue and GDP per Capita, 2011 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_6.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.6. General Government Revenue and GDP per Capita, 2011 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_6.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.7. Yields from Personal Income Tax** - [Figure 2.7. Yields from Personal Income Tax (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_7.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.7. Yields from Personal Income Tax (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_7.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.8. Yields from Corporate Income Tax** - [Figure 2.8. Yields from Corporate Income Tax (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_8.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.8. Yields from Corporate Income Tax (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_8.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 2.9. Yields from VAT and Sales Tax** - [Figure 2.9. Yields from VAT and Sales Tax (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_9.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 2.9. Yields from VAT and Sales Tax (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig2_9.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.1. Past Growth Trajectories** - [Figure 3.1. Past Growth Trajectories (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_1.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.1. Past Growth Trajectories (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_1.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.10.Overall dependency Ratios** - [Figure 3.10.Overall dependency Ratios (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_10.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.10.Overall dependency Ratios (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_10.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Dataset overview** - [Dataset overview (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_11.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dataset overview (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_11.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.12. Research and Development Expenditure** - [Figure 3.12. Research and Development Expenditure (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_12.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.12. Research and Development Expenditure (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_12.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.2. GDP per Capita Convergence in the Four Asian "Tigers"** - [Figure 3.2. GDP per Capita Convergence in the Four Asian "Tigers" (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_2.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.2. GDP per Capita Convergence in the Four Asian "Tigers" (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_2.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.3. GDP per Capita Convergence in Seven Emerging Asian Economies** - [Figure 3.3. GDP per Capita Convergence in Seven Emerging Asian Economies (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_3.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.3. GDP per Capita Convergence in Seven Emerging Asian Economies (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_3.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig3 4** - [Fig3 4 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_4.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig3 4 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_4.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Fig3 5** - [Fig3 5 (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_5.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Fig3 5 (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_5.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.6. There seems to be a Middle Income Trap** - [Figure 3.6. There seems to be a Middle Income Trap (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_6.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.6. There seems to be a Middle Income Trap (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_6.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.7. The Impact of Changes in Fundamentals on the Probability of a Sustained Slowdown** - [Figure 3.7. The Impact of Changes in Fundamentals on the Probability of a Sustained Slowdown (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_7.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.7. The Impact of Changes in Fundamentals on the Probability of a Sustained Slowdown (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_7.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.8. Strengths and Weaknesses of Asia MIEs** - [Figure 3.8. Strengths and Weaknesses of Asia MIEs (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_8.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.8. Strengths and Weaknesses of Asia MIEs (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_8.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **Figure 3.9. Strengths and Weakness of Asian MIEs Relative to other Emerging Regions** - [Figure 3.9. Strengths and Weakness of Asian MIEs Relative to other Emerging Regions (Markdown version)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_9.csv.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Figure 3.9. Strengths and Weakness of Asian MIEs Relative to other Emerging Regions (CSV)](/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/APD/eng/data0413/fig3_9.csv){rel="external" type="application/octet-stream"} - **2014年4月亚洲和太平洋地区经济展望概要** - [2014年4月亚洲和太平洋地区经济展望概要 (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/chinese/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413excpdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [2014年4月亚洲和太平洋地区经济展望概要 (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/chinese/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413excpdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Imfアジア太平洋地域経済見通し（Apd Reo), 2013年4月: 要旨** - [Imfアジア太平洋地域経済見通し（Apd Reo), 2013年4月: 要旨 (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/japanese/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413exjpdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Imfアジア太平洋地域経済見通し（Apd Reo), 2013年4月: 要旨 (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/japanese/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413exjpdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **_areo0413exkpdf** - [_areo0413exkpdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/lang/korean/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413exkpdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [_areo0413exkpdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/lang/korean/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413exkpdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **_areo0413extpdf** - [_areo0413extpdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/lang/thai/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413extpdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [_areo0413extpdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/lang/thai/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413extpdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Bản tóm lược chi tiết** - [Bản tóm lược chi tiết (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/lang/vietnamese/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413exvpdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Bản tóm lược chi tiết (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/lang/vietnamese/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/_areo0413exvpdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Executive Summary** - [Executive Summary (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_areo0413expdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Executive Summary (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_areo0413expdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Asia and Pacific Regional Economic Outlook: Shifting Risks, New Foundations for Growth, April 2013** - [Asia and Pacific Regional Economic Outlook: Shifting Risks, New Foundations for Growth, April 2013 (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_areo0413pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Asia and Pacific Regional Economic Outlook: Shifting Risks, New Foundations for Growth, April 2013 (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_areo0413pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Managing Shifting Risks** - [Managing Shifting Risks (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_c10413pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Managing Shifting Risks (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_c10413pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **C20413pdf** - [C20413pdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_c20413pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [C20413pdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_c20413pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **C30413pdf** - [C30413pdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_c30413pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [C30413pdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_c30413pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **References** - [References (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_referencespdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [References (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/_referencespdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box110pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box110pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box11pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box11pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box12pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box12pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box13pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box13pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box14pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box14pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box15pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box15pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box16pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box16pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box17pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box17pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box19pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_box19pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig110pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig110pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig111pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig111pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig112pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig112pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig113pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig113pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig114pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig114pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig115pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig115pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig116pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig116pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig117pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig117pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig118pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig118pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig119pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig119pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig11pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig11pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig120pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig120pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig121pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig121pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig122pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig122pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig123pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig123pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig124pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig124pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig125pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig125pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig126pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig126pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig127pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig127pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig128pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig128pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig129pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig129pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig12pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig12pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig130pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig130pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig131pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig131pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig132pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig132pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig133pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig133pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig134pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig134pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig135pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig135pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig136pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig136pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig137pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig137pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig138pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig138pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig13pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig13pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig14pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig14pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig15pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig15pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig16pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig16pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig17pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig17pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig18pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig18pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig19pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig19pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig210pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig210pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig211pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig211pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig212pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig212pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig213pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig213pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig214pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig214pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig21pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig21pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig22pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig22pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig23pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig23pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig24pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig24pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig25pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig25pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig26pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig26pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig27pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig27pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig28pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig28pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx** - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig29pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Microsoft Word - Fig2.1.docx (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig29pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig310pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig310pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig311pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig311pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig312pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig312pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig31pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig31pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig32pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig32pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig33pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig33pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig34pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig34pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig35pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig35pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig36pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig36pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig37pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig37pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig38pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig38pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Normal** - [Normal (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig39pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Normal (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2013/apd/eng/data0413/_fig39pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} --- ## References - [Disclaimer](http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm) - [Press Release: Asia Leads Global Recovery, Further Reforms Will Help Address Medium-Term Challenges, Says IMF’s Asia-Pacific Economic Outlook](http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2013/pr13145.htm) - [Asia and Pacific: Regional Economic Outlooks Archive](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/reorepts.aspx?ddlRegions=4&ddlYear=-1) - [Regional Economic Outlooks](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/reorepts.aspx) - [IMF Regional Reports](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/region.asp) - [World Economic Outlook Archives](http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29) - [Asia and the IMF](http://www.imf.org/Asia) - [Subscribe](http://www.imf.org/external/RSS/feeds.aspx?Category=PUBS_RE) - [Sign up to receive free e-mail notices when new series and/or country items are posted on the IMF website.](https://www.imf.org/en/email-subscription/index) - [Modify your profile](https://www.imf.org/en/email-subscription/login) _Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo/apac/issues/2017/03/09/shifting-risks-new-foundations-for-growth_