## Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere, October 2008 -- Table of Contents _Western Hemisphere, October 22, 2008_ ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere, October 2008 -- Table of Contents](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo/wh/issues/2017/01/07/regional-economic-outlook-western-hemisphere) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/en/publications/reo/wh/issues/2017/01/07/regional-economic-outlook-western-hemisphere/index.md) - [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/reo/wh/issues/2017/01/07/regional-economic-outlook-western-hemisphere/index.json) - [Bundle manifest](/en/publications/reo/wh/issues/2017/01/07/regional-economic-outlook-western-hemisphere/bundle-manifest.json) ## Bibliographic details - Published: October 22, 2008 - Series: Western Hemisphere --- ### Overview - The ongoing global turmoil represents a confluence of negative shocks for Latin America and the Caribbean: a freeze in global credit markets, weaker external demand, and lower commodity prices. - The region is expected to deal with these global shocks better than in previous crises, reflecting progress made in improving macroeconomic fundamentals over the past decade. - There are a number of downside risks going forward. - The report discusses the implications of the global financial crisis for the regional outlook and the corresponding challenges facing policymakers. ### Global, U.S., and Canadian Outlook - Global Outlook - U.S. Outlook: Major Downturn with Protracted Recovery - Canadian Outlook: Feeling Effects of U.S. Slowdown ### Latin American and Caribbean Outlook - Context - A Varying Policy Mix - Economic Outlook and Risks - Policies: Maintaining Confidence and Stability ### Keeping Inflation Under Control - Rising Inflation - Monetary Policy Has Been Tightened - Conclusions - Appendix 3.1 ### Elevated Food Prices and Vulnerable Households: Fiscal Policy Options - Elevated Food Prices Trigger Policy Debate - Food Price Inflation Can Have Strong Welfare Effects - Fiscal Policy Can Help Ease Burden on the Poor - Appendix 4.1 ### Corporate Vulnerability: Have Firms Reduced Their Exposure to Currency Risk? - Firms Facing More Currency Volatility - Stronger Balance Sheets - Beyond Balance Sheets: A Market-Based Approach - More Active Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives - Appendix 5.1 ### Boosting Private Investment in the Long Term - Investment Still Lagging - Importance of Macro Stability - Beyond Macro Stability - Rule of Financing Constraints - Appendix 6.1. Estimation Methods ### Data, Indicators, and References - Western Hemisphere: Main Economic Indicators - Latin America and the Caribbean: Main Fiscal Indicators - References ### Boxes (selected) - 1.1 United States: Quantifying Macrofinancial Linkages - 2.1 Determinants of Sovereign Bond Spreads in Latin America - 2.2 Financial System Stability Developments - 2.3 Differential Impact of Commodity Boom - 2.4 Inflation and Poverty - 2.5 The Caribbean: Weathering the Global Storm - 2.6 Do Migrant Remittances to the LAC Region Fall During U.S. Slowdowns? - 2.7 Spillovers from the United States to Latin America - 2.8 Absorbing the Oil Shock in Central America and the Caribbean: The Role of Petrocaribe - 4.1 Impact of Rising Food Prices on Poverty - 4.2 Policy Responses to Ease Effects of Higher Food Prices - 4.3 Can Import Tariff Reductions Help Reduce Food Prices in the Region? - 6.1 Literature on Financing Constraints and Investment _Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere, October 2008 -- Table of Contents_ --- ## Content in this bundle - **Wreo1008exppdf** - [Wreo1008exppdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/portuguese/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/_wreo1008exppdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **wreo1008c1pdf** - [wreo1008c1pdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c1pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [wreo1008c1pdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c1pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **wreo1008c2pdf** - [wreo1008c2pdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c2pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [wreo1008c2pdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c2pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **wreo1008c3pdf** - [wreo1008c3pdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c3pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [wreo1008c3pdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c3pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Box 4.1. Impact of Rising Food Prices on Poverty** - [Box 4.1. Impact of Rising Food Prices on Poverty (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c4pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Box 4.1. Impact of Rising Food Prices on Poverty (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c4pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **CORPORATE VULNERABILITY: HAVE FIRMS REDUCED THEIR EXPOSURE TO CURRENCY RISK?** - [CORPORATE VULNERABILITY: HAVE FIRMS REDUCED THEIR EXPOSURE TO CURRENCY RISK? (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c5pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [CORPORATE VULNERABILITY: HAVE FIRMS REDUCED THEIR EXPOSURE TO CURRENCY RISK? (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c5pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **wreo1008c6pdf - 2.9 percent, compared with 7.3 percent in emerging Asia.** - [wreo1008c6pdf - 2.9 percent, compared with 7.3 percent in emerging Asia. (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c6pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [wreo1008c6pdf - 2.9 percent, compared with 7.3 percent in emerging Asia. (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008c6pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere October 2008 Executive Summary** - [Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere October 2008 Executive Summary (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008expdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere October 2008 Executive Summary (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/eng/_wreo1008expdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **wreo1008spdf** - [wreo1008spdf (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/spanish/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/wreo1008spdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [wreo1008spdf (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-flagship-issues/external/spanish/pubs/ft/reo/2008/whd/wreo1008spdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} --- ## References - [Press Release](https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2008/pr08253.htm) - [Regional Economic Outlooks](https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/reorepts.aspx) - [IMF Regional Reports](https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/region.asp) - [World Economic Outlook](https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/02/index.htm) - [Ordering Information](https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=22029.0) - [Sign up to receive free e-mail notices when new series and/or country items are posted on the IMF website.](https://www.imf.org/en/email-subscription/index) - [Modify your profile](https://www.imf.org/en/email-subscription/login) - [https://www.imf.org/en/home](https://www.imf.org/en/home) _Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo/wh/issues/2017/01/07/regional-economic-outlook-western-hemisphere_