{
  "title": "Japan’s Fertility: More Children Please",
  "publication": "Selected Issues Papers, July 1, 2024",
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  "summary": "Japan’s fertility has declined in the past three decades. Raising Japan’s fertility rate is a key policy priority for the government.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary findings",
      "content": "- Japan’s fertility has declined in the past three decades.\n- Raising Japan’s fertility rate is a key policy priority for the government.\n- Cross-country analysis and case studies find that the most successful measure to support the fertility rate is the provision of childcare facilities, particularly for children aged 0-2.\n- Offering stronger incentives for the use of paternity leave can alleviate the burden of childcare on mothers, supporting fertility.\n- There is limited evidence that cash transfers are effective in supporting fertility, based on international experience."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations and implications",
      "content": "- Expand provision of childcare facilities with priority on coverage for children aged 0-2 to support higher fertility.\n- Strengthen incentives for paternity leave uptake to redistribute childcare responsibilities and reduce the childcare burden on mothers.\n- Reassess reliance on cash transfers as a primary policy tool for raising fertility, given limited supporting international evidence.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Japan’s Fertility: More Children Please; Japan; Selected Issues Paper No. 2024/025; April 15, 2024\n  - Japan’s Fertility: More Children Please; Japan; Selected Issues Paper No. 2024/025; April 15, 2024 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Japan’s Fertility: More Children Please; Japan; Selected Issues Paper No. 2024/025; April 15, 2024 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/selected-issues-papers/issues/2024/07/01/japans-fertility-more-children-please-551188"
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    "Authors: Kohei Asao, Danila Smirnov, TengTeng Xu",
    "Published: July 1, 2024",
    "Series: Selected Issues Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400282034.018",
    "Japan’s fertility has declined in the past three decades.",
    "Raising Japan’s fertility rate is a key policy priority for the government.",
    "Cross-country analysis and case studies find that the most successful measure to support the fertility rate is the provision of childcare facilities, particularly for children aged 0-2.",
    "Offering stronger incentives for the use of paternity leave can alleviate the burden of childcare on mothers, supporting fertility.",
    "There is limited evidence that cash transfers are effective in supporting fertility, based on international experience.",
    "Expand provision of childcare facilities with priority on coverage for children aged 0-2 to support higher fertility.",
    "Strengthen incentives for paternity leave uptake to redistribute childcare responsibilities and reduce the childcare burden on mothers.",
    "Reassess reliance on cash transfers as a primary policy tool for raising fertility, given limited supporting international evidence.",
    "**Japan’s Fertility: More Children Please; Japan; Selected Issues Paper No. 2024/025; April 15, 2024**"
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