{
  "title": "Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: Fiji",
  "publication": "Selected Issues Papers, May 30, 2025",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/selected-issues-papers/issues/2025/06/26/climate-change-and-sea-level-rise-fiji-568055",
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  "summary": "Fiji faces significant challenges from sea-level rise (SLR), which could cause annual economic losses averaging 1.8% of GDP from 2020 to 2099. While widespread coastal protection measures limit damages, they are costly and may not yield significant net savings.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Key findings and projections",
      "content": "- Sea-level rise (SLR) could cause annual economic losses averaging 1.8% of GDP from 2020 to 2099.\n- Widespread coastal protection measures limit damages but are costly and may not yield significant net savings.\n- Planned retreat can reduce net costs by over 80%.\n- The analysis broadly supports the Government of Fiji’s adaptation strategy to SLR through a mix of protection and planned relocation."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analysis and implications",
      "content": "- Trade-offs between protection and relocation:\n  - Coastal protection reduces immediate damages but entails high costs and uncertain net benefits.\n  - Planned retreat offers substantially larger reductions in net costs (over 80%) and may be more efficient in many settings.\n- Economic burden:\n  - The projected average annual loss of 1.8% of GDP from 2020 to 2099 highlights a persistent, long-term economic impact that requires policy response."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations",
      "content": "- Pursue efficient adaptation tailored to Fiji’s circumstances, combining:\n  - Targeted coastal protection where cost-effective.\n  - Planned relocation (planned retreat) where it yields superior net benefits, given its potential to reduce net costs by over 80%.\n- Align national adaptation strategy with these efficiency principles while supporting the Government of Fiji’s existing approach of mixed protection and planned relocation.\n\nSource: IMF Selected Issues Paper \"Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: Fiji\" by Emanuele Massetti (May 30, 2025).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Sipea2025085\n  - Sipea2025085 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Sipea2025085 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/selected-issues-papers/issues/2025/06/26/climate-change-and-sea-level-rise-fiji-568055"
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    "Authors: Emanuele Massetti",
    "Published: May 30, 2025",
    "Series: Selected Issues Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229014304.018",
    "Sea-level rise (SLR) could cause annual economic losses averaging 1.8% of GDP from 2020 to 2099.",
    "Widespread coastal protection measures limit damages but are costly and may not yield significant net savings.",
    "Planned retreat can reduce net costs by over 80%.",
    "The analysis broadly supports the Government of Fiji’s adaptation strategy to SLR through a mix of protection and planned relocation.",
    "Trade-offs between protection and relocation:",
    "Economic burden:",
    "Pursue efficient adaptation tailored to Fiji’s circumstances, combining:",
    "Align national adaptation strategy with these efficiency principles while supporting the Government of Fiji’s existing approach of mixed protection and planned relocation.",
    "**Sipea2025085**"
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