{
  "title": "Productivity Dynamics and Long-Run Growth: Principality of Liechtenstein",
  "publication": "Selected Issues Papers, April 21, 2026",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/selected-issues-papers/issues/2026/04/21/productivity-dynamics-and-long-run-growth-principality-of-liechtenstein-575533",
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  "summary": "This Selected Issues Paper analyzes productivity and long-run growth in Liechtenstein. Despite among the highest labor productivity levels in Europe, growth has been weak over an extended period, leading to declining relative performance.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- This Selected Issues Paper analyzes productivity and long-run growth in Liechtenstein.\n- Despite among the highest labor productivity levels in Europe, growth has been weak over an extended period, leading to declining relative performance.\n- Sectoral differences persist between high-productivity manufacturing and lower-productivity services.\n- The paper emphasizes that sustaining high living standards will require targeted structural reforms, including upgrading human capital, expanding labor supply, strengthening public-private innovation partnerships, and improving physical and digital infrastructure."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Labor productivity: Liechtenstein is described as having among the highest labor productivity levels in Europe.\n- Growth performance: Growth has been weak over an extended period, resulting in declining relative performance.\n- Sectoral productivity: Persistent differences between high-productivity manufacturing and lower-productivity services are highlighted.\n- Innovation: Private innovation is strong, but its potential is constrained by other factors."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Constraints to long-run growth",
      "content": "- Demographic pressures.\n- Skills shortages.\n- Reliance on cross-border commuters.\n- Infrastructure bottlenecks (physical and digital)."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations",
      "content": "- Upgrade human capital.\n- Expand labor supply.\n- Strengthen public-private innovation partnerships.\n- Improve physical and digital infrastructure.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Sipea2026033\n  - Sipea2026033 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Sipea2026033 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/selected-issues-papers/issues/2026/04/21/productivity-dynamics-and-long-run-growth-principality-of-liechtenstein-575533"
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    "Authors: Tara Iyer, Andinet Woldemichael",
    "Published: April 21, 2026",
    "Series: Selected Issues Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229045186.018",
    "This Selected Issues Paper analyzes productivity and long-run growth in Liechtenstein.",
    "Despite among the highest labor productivity levels in Europe, growth has been weak over an extended period, leading to declining relative performance.",
    "Sectoral differences persist between high-productivity manufacturing and lower-productivity services.",
    "The paper emphasizes that sustaining high living standards will require targeted structural reforms, including upgrading human capital, expanding labor supply, strengthening public-private innovation partnerships, and improving physical and digital infrastructure.",
    "Labor productivity: Liechtenstein is described as having among the highest labor productivity levels in Europe.",
    "Growth performance: Growth has been weak over an extended period, resulting in declining relative performance.",
    "Sectoral productivity: Persistent differences between high-productivity manufacturing and lower-productivity services are highlighted.",
    "Innovation: Private innovation is strong, but its potential is constrained by other factors.",
    "Demographic pressures.",
    "Skills shortages.",
    "Reliance on cross-border commuters.",
    "Infrastructure bottlenecks (physical and digital).",
    "Upgrade human capital.",
    "Expand labor supply.",
    "Strengthen public-private innovation partnerships.",
    "Improve physical and digital infrastructure.",
    "**Sipea2026033**"
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