{
  "title": "Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States",
  "publication": "Staff Climate Notes, August 30, 2023",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-climate-notes/issues/2023/08/24/climate-challenges-in-fragile-and-conflict-affected-states-537797",
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  "summary": "Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) already face higher temperatures than other countries and will be more exposed to extreme heat and weather events going forward.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) already face higher temperatures than other countries and will be more exposed to extreme heat and weather events going forward.\n- In FCS, climate vulnerability and underlying fragilities—namely conflict, heavy dependence on rainfed agriculture, and weak capacity—exacerbate each other, amplifying the negative impact on people and economies.\n- FCS suffer more severe and persistent GDP losses than other countries due to climate shocks because their underlying fragilities amplify the impact of shocks, in particular in agriculture.\n- Climate shocks worsen underlying fragilities, namely conflict, creating mutually reinforcing dynamics between climate impacts and fragility."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analysis and implications",
      "content": "- Interaction effects: Climate vulnerability and fragility interact, with conflict, rainfed agriculture dependence, and weak institutional capacity increasing the negative macroeconomic and social impacts of climate shocks.\n- Sectoral amplification: Agriculture, particularly rainfed agriculture, is a key channel through which climate shocks translate into larger and more persistent economic losses in FCS.\n- Human consequences: Without effective responses, worse outcomes include forced displacement and migration."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations",
      "content": "- Macro-critical adaptation policies are needed to:\n  - Facilitate the immediate response to climate shocks.\n  - Build climate resilience over time.\n- Sizeable and sustained international support is urgent, with emphasis on:\n  - Grants.\n  - Concessional financing.\n  - Capacity development."
    },
    {
      "heading": "IMF response",
      "content": "- The IMF is stepping up support to FCS in dealing with climate challenges through:\n  - Carefully tailored policy advice.\n  - Financing.\n  - Capacity development."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Publication and metadata",
      "content": "- Title: Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States\n- Authors: Laura Jaramillo, Aliona Cebotari, Yoro Diallo, Rhea Gupta, Yugo Koshima, Chandana Kularatne, Jeong Dae Lee, Sidra Rehman, Kalin I Tintchev, Fang Yang\n- Date: August 30, 2023\n- Series: Staff Climate Note No 2023/001\n- Issue: 001\n- Volume: 2023\n- Pages: 51\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400252082.066\n- ISBN: 9798400252082\n- ISSN: 2789-0600\n\nIMF Staff Climate Note (2023) — \"Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States\".\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States; August 2023\n  - Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States; August 2023 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States; August 2023 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-climate-notes/issues/2023/08/24/climate-challenges-in-fragile-and-conflict-affected-states-537797"
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    "Authors: Laura Jaramillo, Aliona Cebotari, Yoro Diallo, Rhea Gupta, Yugo Koshima, Chandana Kularatne, Jeong Dae Lee, Sidra Rehman, Kalin I Tintchev, Fang Yang",
    "Published: August 30, 2023",
    "Series: Staff Climate Notes",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400252082.066",
    "Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) already face higher temperatures than other countries and will be more exposed to extreme heat and weather events going forward.",
    "In FCS, climate vulnerability and underlying fragilities—namely conflict, heavy dependence on rainfed agriculture, and weak capacity—exacerbate each other, amplifying the negative impact on people and economies.",
    "FCS suffer more severe and persistent GDP losses than other countries due to climate shocks because their underlying fragilities amplify the impact of shocks, in particular in agriculture.",
    "Climate shocks worsen underlying fragilities, namely conflict, creating mutually reinforcing dynamics between climate impacts and fragility.",
    "Interaction effects: Climate vulnerability and fragility interact, with conflict, rainfed agriculture dependence, and weak institutional capacity increasing the negative macroeconomic and social impacts of climate shocks.",
    "Sectoral amplification: Agriculture, particularly rainfed agriculture, is a key channel through which climate shocks translate into larger and more persistent economic losses in FCS.",
    "Human consequences: Without effective responses, worse outcomes include forced displacement and migration.",
    "Macro-critical adaptation policies are needed to:",
    "Sizeable and sustained international support is urgent, with emphasis on:",
    "The IMF is stepping up support to FCS in dealing with climate challenges through:",
    "Title: Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States",
    "Authors: Laura Jaramillo, Aliona Cebotari, Yoro Diallo, Rhea Gupta, Yugo Koshima, Chandana Kularatne, Jeong Dae Lee, Sidra Rehman, Kalin I Tintchev, Fang Yang",
    "Date: August 30, 2023",
    "Series: Staff Climate Note No 2023/001",
    "Issue: 001",
    "Volume: 2023",
    "Pages: 51",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400252082.066",
    "ISBN: 9798400252082",
    "ISSN: 2789-0600",
    "**Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States; August 2023**"
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