{
  "title": "Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies",
  "publication": "Staff Discussion Notes, May 11, 2016",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2016/12/31/corruption-costs-and-mitigating-strategies-43888",
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  "summary": "In an environment in which growth and employment prospects in many countries remain subdued and a number of high-profile corruption cases have fueled moral outrage, and amid a growing consensus that corruption can seriously undermine a country’s ability to deliver inclusive economic growth in a numb",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Urgency and Context",
      "content": "- Corruption addressing has become increasingly urgent in both developed and developing countries amid subdued growth and employment prospects and high-profile corruption cases that have fueled moral outrage.\n- Growing consensus: corruption can seriously undermine a country’s ability to deliver inclusive economic growth in multiple areas."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Economic and Social Costs",
      "content": "- Corruption can impair government functions and adversely affect important determinants of economic performance, including:\n  - macrofinancial stability\n  - investment\n  - human capital accumulation\n  - total factor productivity\n- Systemic corruption that affects virtually all state functions can generate pervasive distrust of government and can lead to:\n  - violence\n  - civil strife\n  - conflict\n  - devastating social and economic implications"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Focus and Definition",
      "content": "- This Staff Discussion Note focuses on corruption arising from the abuse of public office for private gain, whether it manifests as:\n  - transactional corruption (for example, a bribe)\n  - powerful networks between business and government that effectively result in the privatization of public policy"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Priority Elements of an Anticorruption Strategy (IMF Experience)",
      "content": "- Transparency\n- Rule of law\n- Economic reform policies designed to eliminate excessive regulation\n- Building effective institutions with the clear objective of developing a competent civil service that is independent of both private influence and public interference\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies; IMF Staff Discussion Note No. 16/05, May 11, 2016\n  - Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies; IMF Staff Discussion Note No. 16/05, May 11, 2016 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies; IMF Staff Discussion Note No. 16/05, May 11, 2016 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2016/12/31/corruption-costs-and-mitigating-strategies-43888"
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    "Published: May 11, 2016",
    "Series: Staff Discussion Notes",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513594330.006",
    "Corruption addressing has become increasingly urgent in both developed and developing countries amid subdued growth and employment prospects and high-profile corruption cases that have fueled moral outrage.",
    "Growing consensus: corruption can seriously undermine a country’s ability to deliver inclusive economic growth in multiple areas.",
    "Corruption can impair government functions and adversely affect important determinants of economic performance, including:",
    "Systemic corruption that affects virtually all state functions can generate pervasive distrust of government and can lead to:",
    "This Staff Discussion Note focuses on corruption arising from the abuse of public office for private gain, whether it manifests as:",
    "Transparency",
    "Rule of law",
    "Economic reform policies designed to eliminate excessive regulation",
    "Building effective institutions with the clear objective of developing a competent civil service that is independent of both private influence and public interference",
    "**Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies; IMF Staff Discussion Note No. 16/05, May 11, 2016**"
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