{
  "title": "Fiscal Policy and Development: Human, Social, and Physical Investments for the SDGs",
  "publication": "Staff Discussion Notes, January 23, 2019",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2019/01/18/fiscal-policy-and-development-human-social-and-physical-investments-for-the-sdgs-46444",
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  "summary": "The goal of this paper is to estimate the additional annual spending required for meaningful progress on the SDGs in these areas. Our estimates refer to additional spending in 2030, relative to a baseline of current spending to GDP in these sectors.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- Goal: Estimate the additional annual spending required for meaningful progress on the SDGs in human, social, and physical investment areas.\n- Temporal focus: Additional spending in 2030, measured relative to a baseline of current spending to GDP in these sectors.\n- Sample: 155 countries analyzed to produce aggregate and country-group estimates.\n- Country studies used to refine analysis: Rwanda, Benin, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Guatemala."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Methodology and Scope",
      "content": "- Costing approach: An innovative costing methodology applied across the sample of countries to derive additional spending needs by 2030.\n- Country coverage:\n  - 49 low-income developing countries\n  - 72 emerging market economies\n  - 34 advanced economies\n- Metrics: Estimates refer to additional spending in 2030 relative to current spending-to-GDP baselines in the covered sectors."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings and focus areas",
      "content": "- Primary finding: Quantification of additional annual spending required in 2030 to make meaningful progress on SDGs in human, social, and physical investments (specific amounts and sectoral breakdowns are presented in the full Staff Discussion Note).\n- Refinement: Five country studies (Rwanda, Benin, Vietnam, Indonesia, Guatemala) provide deeper, contextualized estimates and policy implications for selected country cases."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and intended use",
      "content": "- Use: Findings are intended to inform fiscal policy choices about mobilizing and prioritizing public spending to meet SDG-related investment needs by 2030.\n- Emphasis: Assessing spending gaps relative to current spending-to-GDP baselines and informing strategies to allocate resources across human, social, and physical investments.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- sdn1903\n  - sdn1903 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - sdn1903 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2019/01/18/fiscal-policy-and-development-human-social-and-physical-investments-for-the-sdgs-46444"
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    "Authors: Vitor Gaspar, Mercedes Garcia-Escribano, Delphine Prady, Mauricio Soto",
    "Published: January 23, 2019",
    "Series: Staff Discussion Notes",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484388914.006",
    "Goal: Estimate the additional annual spending required for meaningful progress on the SDGs in human, social, and physical investment areas.",
    "Temporal focus: Additional spending in 2030, measured relative to a baseline of current spending to GDP in these sectors.",
    "Sample: 155 countries analyzed to produce aggregate and country-group estimates.",
    "Country studies used to refine analysis: Rwanda, Benin, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Guatemala.",
    "Costing approach: An innovative costing methodology applied across the sample of countries to derive additional spending needs by 2030.",
    "Country coverage:",
    "Metrics: Estimates refer to additional spending in 2030 relative to current spending-to-GDP baselines in the covered sectors.",
    "Primary finding: Quantification of additional annual spending required in 2030 to make meaningful progress on SDGs in human, social, and physical investments (specific amounts and sectoral breakdowns are presented in the full Staff Discussion Note).",
    "Refinement: Five country studies (Rwanda, Benin, Vietnam, Indonesia, Guatemala) provide deeper, contextualized estimates and policy implications for selected country cases.",
    "Use: Findings are intended to inform fiscal policy choices about mobilizing and prioritizing public spending to meet SDG-related investment needs by 2030.",
    "Emphasis: Assessing spending gaps relative to current spending-to-GDP baselines and informing strategies to allocate resources across human, social, and physical investments.",
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