{
  "title": "World Economic Outlook, September 2003: Public Debt in Emerging Markets",
  "publication": "World Economic Outlook, April 10, 2003",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758/index.md",
  "summary": "The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and purpose",
      "content": "- Published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic.\n- Presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term.\n- Chapters provide:\n  - An overview of the world economy.\n  - Consideration of issues affecting industrial countries and economies in transition to market.\n  - Discussion of topics of pressing current interest.\n- Supplementary materials include annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject coverage and keywords",
      "content": "- Subjects listed:\n  - Emerging and frontier financial markets\n  - Exchange rates\n  - Financial markets\n  - Foreign exchange\n  - Inflation\n  - Prices\n  - Public debt\n  - Real effective exchange rates\n- Keywords include:\n  - Africa, Asia and Pacific, current account, debt ratio, East Asia, Emerging and frontier financial markets, emerging market, emerging market country, exchange rate, Exchange rates, foreign exchange, GDP, Global, Inflation, MENA country, Middle East, monetary policy, public debt, Real effective exchange rates, short-term debt, U.S. dollar, WEO"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Access and formats",
      "content": "- Landing page options shown:\n  - Download PDF\n  - More Formats on IMF eLibrary\n  - Order a Print Copy\n  - Create Citation (Chicago format example provided)\n- Citation example provided on page:\n  - International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. World Economic Outlook, September 2003: Public Debt in Emerging Markets, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 2003) accessed 9/1/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589062832.081\n\nSource: World Economic Outlook, September 2003: Public Debt in Emerging Markets — https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758\n\n---\n\n\n References\n\n- https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo\n- United States and the IMF\n- Explore\n- Subscribe\n- Download PDF\n- More Formats on IMF eLibrary\n- Order a Print Copy\n- Emerging and frontier financial markets\n- Exchange rates\n- Financial markets\n- Foreign exchange\n- Inflation\n- Prices\n- Public debt\n- Real effective exchange rates\n- Enhancing Tax Capacity: Revenue Gains from Strengthening Tax Administration\nOctober 24, 2025\n- Development Committee: The Managing Director's Written Statement\nOctober 20, 2025\n- The Managing Director's Global Policy Agenda, Fall 2025: Navigating a World In Transition\nOctober 16, 2025\n- Setting Up Fiscal Rules in Lesotho: Kingdom of Lesotho\nOctober 14, 2025\n- https://www.imf.org/en/home\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Published: April 10, 2003",
    "Series: World Economic Outlook",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589062832.081",
    "Published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic.",
    "Presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term.",
    "Chapters provide:",
    "Supplementary materials include annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix.",
    "Subjects listed:",
    "Keywords include:",
    "Landing page options shown:",
    "Citation example provided on page:",
    "[https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo)",
    "[United States and the IMF](http://www.imf.org/external/country/USA/index.htm)",
    "[Explore](https://www.elibrary.imf.org/)",
    "[Subscribe](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Newsletter/registration)",
    "[Download PDF](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2003/02/index.htm)",
    "[More Formats on IMF eLibrary](https://elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781589062832/9781589062832.xml?cid=lk-com-dsp-imf.org)",
    "[Order a Print Copy](https://www.bookstore.imf.org/cart?isbn=9781589062832)",
    "[Emerging and frontier financial markets](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Emerging+and+frontier+financial+markets)",
    "[Exchange rates](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Exchange+rates)",
    "[Financial markets](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Financial+markets)",
    "[Foreign exchange](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Foreign+exchange)",
    "[Inflation](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Inflation)",
    "[Prices](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Prices)",
    "[Public debt](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Public+debt)",
    "[Real effective exchange rates](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Real+effective+exchange+rates)",
    "[Enhancing Tax Capacity: Revenue Gains from Strengthening Tax Administration",
    "[Development Committee: The Managing Director's Written Statement",
    "[The Managing Director's Global Policy Agenda, Fall 2025: Navigating a World In Transition",
    "[Setting Up Fiscal Rules in Lesotho: Kingdom of Lesotho"
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/30/world-economic-outlook-september-2003-public-debt-in-emerging-markets-16758/index.json",
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  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-02T19:47:52.845Z"
}