{
  "title": "World Economic Outlook, April 2005: Globalization and External Balances",
  "publication": "World Economic Outlook, September 28, 2004",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances",
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  "summary": "The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- Publication frequency: published twice a year.\n- Languages available: English, French, Spanish, and Arabic.\n- Purpose: presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term.\n- Content structure: chapters provide an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.\n- Page on site publication date shown: September 28, 2004."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Major themes and topics covered (as listed)",
      "content": "- Balance of payments\n- Commodities\n- Emerging and frontier financial markets\n- Exports\n- Financial markets\n- Globalization\n- International trade\n- National accounts\n- Oil\n- Oil consumption\n- Oil prices\n- Prices\n- Remittances"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Keywords and geographic/economic focus (verbatim)",
      "content": "- advanced economy\n- Asia and Pacific\n- balance of payments\n- Caribbean\n- Central and Eastern Europe\n- current account\n- drive remittance system\n- Emerging and frontier financial markets\n- emerging market\n- Exports\n- GDP ratio\n- Global\n- headline inflation\n- IMF staff calculation\n- inflation risk\n- market\n- Middle East\n- net debtor countries\n- Oil\n- Oil consumption\n- Oil prices\n- price volatility\n- remittance inflow\n- remittance-service providers\n- Remittances\n- Sub-Saharan Africa\n- trade balance\n- WEO"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Access, formats, and distribution",
      "content": "- Landing page options shown: Download PDF; More Formats on IMF eLibrary; Order a Print Copy; Create Citation; Share.\n- Citation example provided (Chicago format): International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. World Economic Outlook, April 2005: Globalization and External Balances, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 2004) accessed 8/30/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589064294.081\n- Export citation formats listed: .ris, ProCite, RefWorks, Reference Manager, .bib, BibTex, Zotero, .enw, EndNote.\n\n---\n\n\n References\n\n- https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo\n- United States and the IMF\n- Explore\n- Subscribe\n- Download PDF\n- More Formats on IMF eLibrary\n- Order a Print Copy\n- Balance of payments\n- Commodities\n- Emerging and frontier financial markets\n- Exports\n- Financial markets\n- Globalization\n- International trade\n- National accounts\n- Oil\n- Oil consumption\n- Oil prices\n- Prices\n- Remittances\n- Enhancing Tax Capacity: Revenue Gains from Strengthening Tax Administration\nOctober 24, 2025\n- The Managing Director's Global Policy Agenda, Fall 2025: Navigating a World In Transition\nOctober 16, 2025\n- Taxes in Lithuania: Benchmarking and Policy Options\nOctober 13, 2025\n- Mauritius: Technical Assistance Report-Report on the National Accounts and Balance of Payments Mission (March 24–28, 2025)\nOctober 10, 2025\n- https://www.imf.org/en/home\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Published: September 28, 2004",
    "Series: World Economic Outlook",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589064294.081",
    "Publication frequency: published twice a year.",
    "Languages available: English, French, Spanish, and Arabic.",
    "Purpose: presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term.",
    "Content structure: chapters provide an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.",
    "Page on site publication date shown: September 28, 2004.",
    "Balance of payments",
    "Commodities",
    "Emerging and frontier financial markets",
    "Exports",
    "Financial markets",
    "Globalization",
    "International trade",
    "National accounts",
    "Oil",
    "Oil consumption",
    "Oil prices",
    "Prices",
    "Remittances",
    "advanced economy",
    "Asia and Pacific",
    "balance of payments",
    "Caribbean",
    "Central and Eastern Europe",
    "current account",
    "drive remittance system",
    "Emerging and frontier financial markets",
    "emerging market",
    "Exports",
    "GDP ratio",
    "Global",
    "headline inflation",
    "IMF staff calculation",
    "inflation risk",
    "market",
    "Middle East",
    "net debtor countries",
    "Oil",
    "Oil consumption",
    "Oil prices",
    "price volatility",
    "remittance inflow",
    "remittance-service providers",
    "Remittances",
    "Sub-Saharan Africa",
    "trade balance",
    "WEO",
    "Landing page options shown: Download PDF; More Formats on IMF eLibrary; Order a Print Copy; Create Citation; Share.",
    "Citation example provided (Chicago format): International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. World Economic Outlook, April 2005: Globalization and External Balances, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 2004) accessed 8/30/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589064294.081",
    "Export citation formats listed: .ris, ProCite, RefWorks, Reference Manager, .bib, BibTex, Zotero, .enw, EndNote.",
    "[https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo)",
    "[United States and the IMF](http://www.imf.org/external/country/USA/index.htm)",
    "[Explore](https://www.elibrary.imf.org/)",
    "[Subscribe](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Newsletter/registration)",
    "[Download PDF](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2005/01/index.htm)",
    "[More Formats on IMF eLibrary](https://elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781589064294/9781589064294.xml?cid=lk-com-dsp-imf.org)",
    "[Order a Print Copy](https://www.bookstore.imf.org/cart?isbn=9781589064294)",
    "[Balance of payments](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Balance+of+payments)",
    "[Commodities](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Commodities)",
    "[Emerging and frontier financial markets](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Emerging+and+frontier+financial+markets)",
    "[Exports](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Exports)",
    "[Financial markets](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Financial+markets)",
    "[Globalization](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Globalization)",
    "[International trade](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=International+trade)",
    "[National accounts](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=National+accounts)",
    "[Oil](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Oil)",
    "[Oil consumption](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Oil+consumption)",
    "[Oil prices](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Oil+prices)",
    "[Prices](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Prices)",
    "[Remittances](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Remittances)",
    "[Enhancing Tax Capacity: Revenue Gains from Strengthening Tax Administration",
    "[The Managing Director's Global Policy Agenda, Fall 2025: Navigating a World In Transition",
    "[Taxes in Lithuania: Benchmarking and Policy Options",
    "[Mauritius: Technical Assistance Report-Report on the National Accounts and Balance of Payments Mission (March 24–28, 2025)"
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/globalization-and-external-balances/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-05T15:28:50.44Z"
}