{
  "title": "World Economic Outlook, April 2018 : Cyclical Upswing, Structural Change",
  "publication": "World Economic Outlook, April 17, 2018",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2019/08/31/world-economic-outlook-april-2018-cyclical-upswing-structural-change-45570",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2019/08/31/world-economic-outlook-april-2018-cyclical-upswing-structural-change-45570",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/weo/issues/2019/08/31/world-economic-outlook-april-2018-cyclical-upswing-structural-change-45570/index.md",
  "summary": "This report describes the world economic outlook as of April 2018, projecting that advanced economies will continue to expand above their potential growth rates before decelerating, while growth in emerging markets in developing economies will rise before leveling off.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- Report describes the world economic outlook as of April 2018.\n- Projects that advanced economies will continue to expand above their potential growth rates before decelerating.\n- Projects that growth in emerging markets in developing economies will rise before leveling off.\n- Details global prospects and policies, including risks to the forecast.\n- Examines essential determinants of long-term economic growth: labor force participation in advanced economies, the declining share of manufacturing jobs globally and in advanced economies, and the process through which innovative activity and technological knowledge spread across national borders."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Projections and outlook",
      "content": "- Advanced economies: will continue to expand above their potential growth rates before decelerating.\n- Emerging markets in developing economies: growth will rise before leveling off.\n- Global prospects and policies are detailed alongside risks to the forecast."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key determinants of long-term economic growth (as emphasized in the report)",
      "content": "- Labor force participation in advanced economies.\n- The declining share of manufacturing jobs globally and in advanced economies.\n- The process through which innovative activity and technological knowledge spread across national borders."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Risks and policy focus",
      "content": "- The report details risks to the forecast (no additional specifics provided on the landing page).\n- Policy discussion centers on global prospects and policies relevant to sustaining growth and managing structural change.\n\nInternational Monetary Fund. Research Dept., April 17, 2018.\n\n---\n\n\n References\n\n- https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo\n- United States and the IMF\n- Explore\n- Subscribe\n- International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.\n- Download PDF\n- Order a Print Copy\n- Economic growth\n- Economic integration\n- Economies\n- Employment\n- Information technology\n- Innovation spillovers\n- Labor force participation\n- Labor markets\n- Manufacturing\n- Manufacturing sector\n- Market economies\n- Population growth\n- Production\n- Production growth\n- Spillovers\n- Technology transfer\n- Unleashing Private Sector Job Creation: Challenges and Opportunities for Lesotho\nOctober 14, 2025\n- The Evolving Growth Model of Lithuania: Republic of Lithuania\nOctober 13, 2025\n- Potential Growth and Migration: Republic of Lithuania\nOctober 13, 2025\n- Allocative Efficiency, Firm Dynamics, and Productivity in Latvia: Republic of Latvia\nOctober 07, 2025\n- https://www.imf.org/en/home\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2019/08/31/world-economic-outlook-april-2018-cyclical-upswing-structural-change-45570"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/weo/issues/2019/08/31/world-economic-outlook-april-2018-cyclical-upswing-structural-change-45570/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/weo/issues/2019/08/31/world-economic-outlook-april-2018-cyclical-upswing-structural-change-45570/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/weo/issues/2019/08/31/world-economic-outlook-april-2018-cyclical-upswing-structural-change-45570/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.",
    "Published: April 17, 2018",
    "Series: World Economic Outlook",
    "Report describes the world economic outlook as of April 2018.",
    "Projects that advanced economies will continue to expand above their potential growth rates before decelerating.",
    "Projects that growth in emerging markets in developing economies will rise before leveling off.",
    "Details global prospects and policies, including risks to the forecast.",
    "Examines essential determinants of long-term economic growth: labor force participation in advanced economies, the declining share of manufacturing jobs globally and in advanced economies, and the process through which innovative activity and technological knowledge spread across national borders.",
    "Advanced economies: will continue to expand above their potential growth rates before decelerating.",
    "Emerging markets in developing economies: growth will rise before leveling off.",
    "Global prospects and policies are detailed alongside risks to the forecast.",
    "Labor force participation in advanced economies.",
    "The declining share of manufacturing jobs globally and in advanced economies.",
    "The process through which innovative activity and technological knowledge spread across national borders.",
    "The report details risks to the forecast (no additional specifics provided on the landing page).",
    "Policy discussion centers on global prospects and policies relevant to sustaining growth and managing structural change.",
    "[https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo)",
    "[United States and the IMF](http://www.imf.org/external/country/USA/index.htm)",
    "[Explore](https://www.elibrary.imf.org/)",
    "[Subscribe](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Newsletter/registration)",
    "[International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-author?author=International+Monetary+Fund.+Research+Dept.&name=International+Monetary+Fund.+Research+Dept.)",
    "[Download PDF](https://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF081/24892-9781484338278/24892-9781484338278/24892-9781484338278.xml)",
    "[Order a Print Copy](https://www.bookstore.imf.org/search?query=9781484338278)",
    "[Economic growth](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Economic+growth)",
    "[Economic integration](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Economic+integration)",
    "[Economies](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Economies)",
    "[Employment](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Employment)",
    "[Information technology](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Information+technology)",
    "[Innovation spillovers](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Innovation+spillovers)",
    "[Labor force participation](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Labor+force+participation)",
    "[Labor markets](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Labor+markets)",
    "[Manufacturing](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Manufacturing)",
    "[Manufacturing sector](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Manufacturing+sector)",
    "[Market economies](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Market+economies)",
    "[Population growth](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Population+growth)",
    "[Production](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Production)",
    "[Production growth](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Production+growth)",
    "[Spillovers](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Spillovers)",
    "[Technology transfer](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Technology+transfer)",
    "[Unleashing Private Sector Job Creation: Challenges and Opportunities for Lesotho",
    "[The Evolving Growth Model of Lithuania: Republic of Lithuania",
    "[Potential Growth and Migration: Republic of Lithuania",
    "[Allocative Efficiency, Firm Dynamics, and Productivity in Latvia: Republic of Latvia"
  ],
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  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-02T22:02:20.427Z"
}