{ "title": "World Economic Outlook Database April 2002", "publication": "World Economic Outlook", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april", "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april", "overlayPath": "/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april/index.md", "summary": "The WEO database is created during the biannual World Economic Outlook (WEO) exercise. Selected series that are available in the WEO publication are now available on this website.", "sections": [ { "heading": "Overview", "content": "- The WEO database is created during the biannual World Economic Outlook (WEO) exercise, which begins in January and June and results in the WEO publication, released in May and October.\n- Selected series available in the WEO publication are provided in the WEO Database April 2002 at the time of the release of the Advance Copy of the WEO Publication; figures may be revised to maintain consistency with the published World Economic Outlook, which remains the document of record.\n- The WEO exercise is coordinated by the World Economic Studies Division in the Research Department and draws primarily on information gathered through IMF consultations with member countries.\n- WEO projections are prepared by country desk economists using internationally consistent assumptions about world economic activity, exchange rates, and conditions in international financial and commodity markets.\n- For approximately 50 of the largest economies, referred to as Group A countries and which account for 90 percent of world output, projections are updated for each WEO exercise." }, { "heading": "Data coverage and main variables", "content": "- World aggregates for the following annual series are provided from 1970:\n - Gross domestic product (values at market exchange rates and purchasing power parity [PPP] exchange rates)\n - World trade volume of goods and services (annual percent change)\n - World exports of goods and services (billions of U.S. dollars)\n - World imports of goods and services (billions of U.S. dollars)\n- Available WEO series and CSV files include:\n - Real Gross Domestic Product (annual percent change)\n - Real Gross Domestic Product, Constant Prices (billions of local currency units)\n - Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (billions of local currency units)\n - Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (billions of U.S. dollars)\n - Per Capita Gross Domestic Product, Constant Prices (local currency per person)\n - Per Capita Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (local currency per person)\n - Per Capita Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (U.S. dollars per person)\n - Inflation (annual percent change)\n - General Government Fiscal Balances (percent of GDP)\n - Output Gaps (percent of potential GDP)\n - General Government Structural Balances (percent of potential GDP)\n - Net Capital Flows (billions of US dollars)\n - Regional group aggregates and developing and transition country group CSVs" }, { "heading": "Group composition changes and classifications", "content": "- Changes to the database (selected):\n - May 2002: \"Middle East, Malta, and Turkey\" is replaced by the title \"Middle East and Turkey\"; the country composition remains the same.\n - October 2001, May 2001: Greece is included in the euro area; Cyprus is included in Advanced Economies (previously in Middle East and Europe under Developing Countries).\n - \"Asia\" is replaced by \"Developing Asia\" with no change in composition.\n - Two new subgroups comprise Countries in Transition: \"Commonwealth of Independent States and Mongolia\" replaces \"Trancaucasus and central Asia\"; composition of Central and Eastern Europe changed (no longer includes Moldova and Ukraine).\n- WEO group aggregate notes:\n - \"Developing Asia\" includes Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan Province of China.\n - \"Crisis countries\" includes Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.\n - \"Middle East and Turkey\" includes Israel.\n - \"Total Emerging Markets\" includes developing countries, countries in transition, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan Province of China, and Israel." }, { "heading": "Methodological distinctions and data sources", "content": "- WEO estimates differ from International Financial Statistics (IFS) because:\n - WEO data are provided to Research Department at the time of the WEO exercise, based on information gathered by IMF country desk economists and staff estimates; IFS data are gathered as part of an ongoing data collection effort by member country statistical agencies.\n - Differences arise from data collection techniques, methodological issues, focus, and timing.\n- Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) weights:\n - WEO is not a primary source for PPP data; WEO weights are created from primary sources solely for generating country group composites.\n - Primary source PPP data referenced include the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Bank, and the Penn World Tables." }, { "heading": "Data definitions, conventions, and special treatments", "content": "- Conventions:\n - Domestic economy series are expressed in billions of national currency units.\n - External accounts series are expressed in billions of U.S. dollars.\n - Indexes are generally based on 1995.\n - Dates are expressed as the four digit year followed by \"A1\" to designate annual frequency.\n - WEO group aggregate domestic economy series are in index form (focus on percentage change); external account series are in billions of U.S. dollars.\n - Null field values are represented by the phrase \"n.a.\"\n- Real Gross Domestic Product, Constant Prices:\n - Expressed in billions of national currency units; the base year is country-specific.\n- Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices:\n - Expressed in billions of national currency units.\n- Gross Domestic Product in U.S. Dollars:\n - Based on GDP in national currency and exchange rate projections provided by country desk economists for developing and transition countries; exchange rates for advanced economies are set as part of WEO assumptions.\n- Per capita GDP measures:\n - Constant local currency per person, current local currency per person, and current U.S. dollars per person derived from respective GDP measures divided by total population.\n- Inflation:\n - Data for inflation are annual percentage change averages for the year, not end-of-period data.\n - For many developing countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates; for many transition countries earlier years use retail price index measures and more recent years use broader consumer price indices.\n- Fiscal data:\n - Data are on a national income accounts basis.\n - Structural budget position is defined as the actual budget deficit (or surplus) less effects of cyclical deviations of output from potential output.\n - Structural balance estimates are subject to uncertainty and should be interpreted as broad orders of magnitude; changes are not necessarily attributable to policy changes.\n - Specific country adjustments and exclusions:\n - One-off receipts from sale of mobile telephone licenses: Germany 2.5 percent of GDP in 2000; France 0.1 percent of GDP in 2001 and 2002; Italy 1.2 percent of GDP in 2000; United Kingdom 2.4 percent of GDP in 2000; Netherlands 0.7 percent of GDP in 2000; Belgium 0.2 percent of GDP in 2001; Austria 0.4 percent of GDP in 2000.\n - Australia: data exclude net advances (primarily privatization receipts and net policy-related lending); commonwealth government privatization receipts excluded in fiscal series.\n - Austria: based on ESA95 methodology (swap income not included).\n - France: data adjusted for valuation changes of the foreign exchange stabilization fund; fiscal data exclude mobile telephone license receipts.\n - Korea: data include social security transactions (operations of the public pension plan).\n - New Zealand: data from 1992 onward are on an accrual basis and not strictly comparable with previous cash-based data; fiscal data exclude privatization proceeds.\n - United Kingdom: data exclude asset sales; fiscal data exclude mobile telephone license receipts.\n - Germany: fiscal impulse for 1995 affected by assumption of Treuhandanstalt debt; public sector level would show an estimated withdrawal of fiscal impulse amounting to just over 1 percent of GDP; data exclude mobile telephone license receipts.\n - Norway: fiscal series exclude oil.\n- Output gaps:\n - Calculated as actual GDP less potential GDP as a percent of potential GDP.\n - Estimates are subject to significant margin of uncertainty.\n- Net private capital flows and external accounts:\n - Net private capital flows comprise net direct investment, net portfolio investment, and other long- and short-term net investment flows including official and private borrowing.\n - Composition of \"Emerging Market Economies: Net Capital Flows\" differs from standard WEO groups; \"Total Emerging Markets\" definition noted above.\n - Series in the data file are organized as: Private capital flows, net; Private direct investment, net; Private portfolio investment, net; Other private capital flows, net; Official flows, net; Change in reserves; Memorandum: Current account.\n - The total excludes Hong Kong SAR.\n - Change in reserves: a minus sign indicates an increase.\n - The difference between the current account and the sum of net private capital flows, net official flows, and change in reserves is the capital account and errors and omissions.\n- External debt:\n - Expressed in billions of US dollars and reflect total external debt at year end for developing and transition countries only; not collected for advanced economies.\n - Total debt includes all short- and long-term debt.\n - Debt-service payments refer to actual payments of interest on total debt plus actual amortization payments on long-term debt; projections incorporate the impact of exceptional financing items." }, { "heading": "Data limitations and interpretation guidance", "content": "- For developing countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates; data for some countries refer to fiscal years.\n- For countries in transition, some data refer to real net material product (NMP) or are estimates based on NMP; figures should be interpreted only as indicative of broad orders of magnitude because reliable, comparable data are not generally available.\n- In many cases no level data exist for group aggregates because growth rates are aggregates of percent changes rather than levels.\n- Structural budget balance and output gap estimates carry uncertainty; assumptions about structural deficits beyond consolidation periods assume the structural deficit remains unchanged." }, { "heading": "File formats, conventions, and user guidance", "content": "- Data tables are presented in Comma Delimited, CSV text file format.\n- Domestic economy series are in national currency units; external accounts series are in U.S. dollars.\n- CSV import conventions and recommended import options:\n - Data Type: Comma Delimited\n - File Origin: Windows ANSI\n - Text Qualifier: {\"}\n - Field Delimiter: {,}\n - First Row: Field Names\n- Recommended format settings for printing/viewing: Page Size Legal; Page Orientation Landscape; Font Size 8 point or smaller; Left and Right margins = 0\" (actual margin width set to lowest default for printer).\n- Guidance for using files:\n - View the CSV link to inspect contents before saving.\n - To save: use \"Save Target As\" and save as a CSV Text Document.\n - To retrieve into a spreadsheet or database, open or import the CSV and set import options as above; replace \"n.a.\" with blank fields if necessary.\n - To retrieve into ASCII text editor or word processor, indicate conversion from \"ASCII Text\" if prompted." }, { "heading": "Access, queries, and availability", "content": "- The end dates of country-specific series correspond to those appearing in the WEO publication.\n- Not all data appearing in the WEO publication are disseminated through the WEO database files; additional information may be released over time.\n- Customized requests for WEO data will no longer be filled.\n- Queries about the WEO database should be sent to the e-mail address weo@imf.org." } ], "bullets": [ "The WEO database is created during the biannual World Economic Outlook (WEO) exercise, which begins in January and June and results in the WEO publication, released in May and October.", "Selected series available in the WEO publication are provided in the WEO Database April 2002 at the time of the release of the Advance Copy of the WEO Publication; figures may be revised to maintain consistency with the published World Economic Outlook, which remains the document of record.", "The WEO exercise is coordinated by the World Economic Studies Division in the Research Department and draws primarily on information gathered through IMF consultations with member countries.", "WEO projections are prepared by country desk economists using internationally consistent assumptions about world economic activity, exchange rates, and conditions in international financial and commodity markets.", "For approximately 50 of the largest economies, referred to as Group A countries and which account for 90 percent of world output, projections are updated for each WEO exercise.", "World aggregates for the following annual series are provided from 1970:", "Available WEO series and CSV files include:", "Changes to the database (selected):", "WEO group aggregate notes:", "WEO estimates differ from International Financial Statistics (IFS) because:", "Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) weights:", "Conventions:", "Real Gross Domestic Product, Constant Prices:", "Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices:", "Gross Domestic Product in U.S. Dollars:", "Per capita GDP measures:", "Inflation:", "Fiscal data:", "Output gaps:", "Net private capital flows and external accounts:", "External debt:", "For developing countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates; data for some countries refer to fiscal years.", "For countries in transition, some data refer to real net material product (NMP) or are estimates based on NMP; figures should be interpreted only as indicative of broad orders of magnitude because reliable, comparable data are not generally available.", "In many cases no level data exist for group aggregates because growth rates are aggregates of percent changes rather than levels.", "Structural budget balance and output gap estimates carry uncertainty; assumptions about structural deficits beyond consolidation periods assume the structural deficit remains unchanged.", "Data tables are presented in Comma Delimited, CSV text file format.", "Domestic economy series are in national currency units; external accounts series are in U.S. dollars.", "CSV import conventions and recommended import options:", "Recommended format settings for printing/viewing: Page Size Legal; Page Orientation Landscape; Font Size 8 point or smaller; Left and Right margins = 0\" (actual margin width set to lowest default for printer).", "Guidance for using files:", "The end dates of country-specific series correspond to those appearing in the WEO publication.", "Not all data appearing in the WEO publication are disseminated through the WEO database files; additional information may be released over time.", "Customized requests for WEO data will no longer be filled.", "Queries about the WEO database should be sent to the e-mail address weo@imf.org.", "[Capflow (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/capflow.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[D Pc A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[D Pc B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[D Pc C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-c.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Debt (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/debt.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Gdp Pc A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Gdp Pc B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Gdp Pc C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-c.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ggb (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggb.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ggsb (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggsb.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Growth A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Growth B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Growth C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-c.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Growth D (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-d.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngap (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngap.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdp A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdp B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdp C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-c.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdp R A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdp R B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdp R C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-c.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdpd A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdpd-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdpd B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdpd-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ngdpd C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdpd-c.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Pcpi A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Pcpi B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Pcpi C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-c.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Pcpi D (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-d.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ppp A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ppp-a.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ppp B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ppp-b.csv){rel=\"external\" type=\"text/csv\"}", "[Ppp C 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"path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-a.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "D Pc B", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-b.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-b.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "D Pc C", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-c.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-c.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Debt", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/debt.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/debt.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Gdp Pc A", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-a.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-a.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Gdp Pc B", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-b.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-b.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Gdp Pc C", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-c.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-c.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ggb", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggb.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggb.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ggsb", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggsb.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggsb.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Growth A", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-a.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-a.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Growth B", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-b.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-b.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Growth C", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-c.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-c.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Growth D", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-d.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-d.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngap", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngap.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngap.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngdp A", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-a.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-a.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngdp B", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-b.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-b.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngdp C", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-c.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-c.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngdp R A", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-a.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-a.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngdp R B", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-b.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-b.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngdp R C", "role": "dataset", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-c.csv", "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-c.csv", "mime": "text/csv" } }, { "title": "Ngdpd A", "role": 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