## World Economic Outlook Database April 2002 _World Economic Outlook_ ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [World Economic Outlook Database April 2002](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april/index.md) - [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april/index.json) - [Bundle manifest](/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april/bundle-manifest.json) --- ### Overview - The WEO database is created during the biannual World Economic Outlook (WEO) exercise, which begins in January and June and results in the WEO publication, released in May and October. - Selected series available in the WEO publication are provided in the WEO Database April 2002 at the time of the release of the Advance Copy of the WEO Publication; figures may be revised to maintain consistency with the published World Economic Outlook, which remains the document of record. - The WEO exercise is coordinated by the World Economic Studies Division in the Research Department and draws primarily on information gathered through IMF consultations with member countries. - WEO projections are prepared by country desk economists using internationally consistent assumptions about world economic activity, exchange rates, and conditions in international financial and commodity markets. - For approximately 50 of the largest economies, referred to as Group A countries and which account for 90 percent of world output, projections are updated for each WEO exercise. ### Data coverage and main variables - World aggregates for the following annual series are provided from 1970: - Gross domestic product (values at market exchange rates and purchasing power parity [PPP] exchange rates) - World trade volume of goods and services (annual percent change) - World exports of goods and services (billions of U.S. dollars) - World imports of goods and services (billions of U.S. dollars) - Available WEO series and CSV files include: - Real Gross Domestic Product (annual percent change) - Real Gross Domestic Product, Constant Prices (billions of local currency units) - Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (billions of local currency units) - Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (billions of U.S. dollars) - Per Capita Gross Domestic Product, Constant Prices (local currency per person) - Per Capita Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (local currency per person) - Per Capita Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices (U.S. dollars per person) - Inflation (annual percent change) - General Government Fiscal Balances (percent of GDP) - Output Gaps (percent of potential GDP) - General Government Structural Balances (percent of potential GDP) - Net Capital Flows (billions of US dollars) - Regional group aggregates and developing and transition country group CSVs ### Group composition changes and classifications - Changes to the database (selected): - May 2002: "Middle East, Malta, and Turkey" is replaced by the title "Middle East and Turkey"; the country composition remains the same. - October 2001, May 2001: Greece is included in the euro area; Cyprus is included in Advanced Economies (previously in Middle East and Europe under Developing Countries). - "Asia" is replaced by "Developing Asia" with no change in composition. - Two new subgroups comprise Countries in Transition: "Commonwealth of Independent States and Mongolia" replaces "Trancaucasus and central Asia"; composition of Central and Eastern Europe changed (no longer includes Moldova and Ukraine). - WEO group aggregate notes: - "Developing Asia" includes Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan Province of China. - "Crisis countries" includes Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. - "Middle East and Turkey" includes Israel. - "Total Emerging Markets" includes developing countries, countries in transition, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan Province of China, and Israel. ### Methodological distinctions and data sources - WEO estimates differ from International Financial Statistics (IFS) because: - WEO data are provided to Research Department at the time of the WEO exercise, based on information gathered by IMF country desk economists and staff estimates; IFS data are gathered as part of an ongoing data collection effort by member country statistical agencies. - Differences arise from data collection techniques, methodological issues, focus, and timing. - Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) weights: - WEO is not a primary source for PPP data; WEO weights are created from primary sources solely for generating country group composites. - Primary source PPP data referenced include the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Bank, and the Penn World Tables. ### Data definitions, conventions, and special treatments - Conventions: - Domestic economy series are expressed in billions of national currency units. - External accounts series are expressed in billions of U.S. dollars. - Indexes are generally based on 1995. - Dates are expressed as the four digit year followed by "A1" to designate annual frequency. - WEO group aggregate domestic economy series are in index form (focus on percentage change); external account series are in billions of U.S. dollars. - Null field values are represented by the phrase "n.a." - Real Gross Domestic Product, Constant Prices: - Expressed in billions of national currency units; the base year is country-specific. - Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices: - Expressed in billions of national currency units. - Gross Domestic Product in U.S. Dollars: - Based on GDP in national currency and exchange rate projections provided by country desk economists for developing and transition countries; exchange rates for advanced economies are set as part of WEO assumptions. - Per capita GDP measures: - Constant local currency per person, current local currency per person, and current U.S. dollars per person derived from respective GDP measures divided by total population. - Inflation: - Data for inflation are annual percentage change averages for the year, not end-of-period data. - For many developing countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates; for many transition countries earlier years use retail price index measures and more recent years use broader consumer price indices. - Fiscal data: - Data are on a national income accounts basis. - Structural budget position is defined as the actual budget deficit (or surplus) less effects of cyclical deviations of output from potential output. - Structural balance estimates are subject to uncertainty and should be interpreted as broad orders of magnitude; changes are not necessarily attributable to policy changes. - Specific country adjustments and exclusions: - One-off receipts from sale of mobile telephone licenses: Germany 2.5 percent of GDP in 2000; France 0.1 percent of GDP in 2001 and 2002; Italy 1.2 percent of GDP in 2000; United Kingdom 2.4 percent of GDP in 2000; Netherlands 0.7 percent of GDP in 2000; Belgium 0.2 percent of GDP in 2001; Austria 0.4 percent of GDP in 2000. - Australia: data exclude net advances (primarily privatization receipts and net policy-related lending); commonwealth government privatization receipts excluded in fiscal series. - Austria: based on ESA95 methodology (swap income not included). - France: data adjusted for valuation changes of the foreign exchange stabilization fund; fiscal data exclude mobile telephone license receipts. - Korea: data include social security transactions (operations of the public pension plan). - New Zealand: data from 1992 onward are on an accrual basis and not strictly comparable with previous cash-based data; fiscal data exclude privatization proceeds. - United Kingdom: data exclude asset sales; fiscal data exclude mobile telephone license receipts. - Germany: fiscal impulse for 1995 affected by assumption of Treuhandanstalt debt; public sector level would show an estimated withdrawal of fiscal impulse amounting to just over 1 percent of GDP; data exclude mobile telephone license receipts. - Norway: fiscal series exclude oil. - Output gaps: - Calculated as actual GDP less potential GDP as a percent of potential GDP. - Estimates are subject to significant margin of uncertainty. - Net private capital flows and external accounts: - Net private capital flows comprise net direct investment, net portfolio investment, and other long- and short-term net investment flows including official and private borrowing. - Composition of "Emerging Market Economies: Net Capital Flows" differs from standard WEO groups; "Total Emerging Markets" definition noted above. - Series in the data file are organized as: Private capital flows, net; Private direct investment, net; Private portfolio investment, net; Other private capital flows, net; Official flows, net; Change in reserves; Memorandum: Current account. - The total excludes Hong Kong SAR. - Change in reserves: a minus sign indicates an increase. - The difference between the current account and the sum of net private capital flows, net official flows, and change in reserves is the capital account and errors and omissions. - External debt: - Expressed in billions of US dollars and reflect total external debt at year end for developing and transition countries only; not collected for advanced economies. - Total debt includes all short- and long-term debt. - Debt-service payments refer to actual payments of interest on total debt plus actual amortization payments on long-term debt; projections incorporate the impact of exceptional financing items. ### Data limitations and interpretation guidance - For developing countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates; data for some countries refer to fiscal years. - For countries in transition, some data refer to real net material product (NMP) or are estimates based on NMP; figures should be interpreted only as indicative of broad orders of magnitude because reliable, comparable data are not generally available. - In many cases no level data exist for group aggregates because growth rates are aggregates of percent changes rather than levels. - Structural budget balance and output gap estimates carry uncertainty; assumptions about structural deficits beyond consolidation periods assume the structural deficit remains unchanged. ### File formats, conventions, and user guidance - Data tables are presented in Comma Delimited, CSV text file format. - Domestic economy series are in national currency units; external accounts series are in U.S. dollars. - CSV import conventions and recommended import options: - Data Type: Comma Delimited - File Origin: Windows ANSI - Text Qualifier: {"} - Field Delimiter: {,} - First Row: Field Names - Recommended format settings for printing/viewing: Page Size Legal; Page Orientation Landscape; Font Size 8 point or smaller; Left and Right margins = 0" (actual margin width set to lowest default for printer). - Guidance for using files: - View the CSV link to inspect contents before saving. - To save: use "Save Target As" and save as a CSV Text Document. - To retrieve into a spreadsheet or database, open or import the CSV and set import options as above; replace "n.a." with blank fields if necessary. - To retrieve into ASCII text editor or word processor, indicate conversion from "ASCII Text" if prompted. ### Access, queries, and availability - The end dates of country-specific series correspond to those appearing in the WEO publication. - Not all data appearing in the WEO publication are disseminated through the WEO database files; additional information may be released over time. - Customized requests for WEO data will no longer be filled. - Queries about the WEO database should be sent to the e-mail address weo@imf.org. --- ## Content in this bundle - [Capflow (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/capflow.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [D Pc A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [D Pc B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [D Pc C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/d-pc-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Debt (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/debt.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Gdp Pc A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Gdp Pc B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Gdp Pc C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/gdp-pc-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ggb (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggb.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ggsb (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ggsb.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Growth A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Growth B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Growth C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Growth D (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/growth-d.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngap (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngap.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdp A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdp B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdp C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdp R A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdp R B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdp R C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdp-r-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdpd A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdpd-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdpd B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdpd-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ngdpd C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ngdpd-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Pcpi A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Pcpi B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Pcpi C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Pcpi D (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/pcpi-d.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ppp A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ppp-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ppp B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ppp-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [Ppp C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/ppp-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [R Pc A (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/r-pc-a.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [R Pc B (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/r-pc-b.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [R Pc C (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/r-pc-c.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} - [W1 (CSV)](/-/media/files/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/01/w1.csv){rel="external" type="text/csv"} --- ## References - [World Economic Outlook, April 2002](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/recessions-and-recoveries) - [World Economic Outlook Databases](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/sprolls/world-economic-outlook-databases) - [April 2000 World Economic Outlookfor a summary of the revised PPP-based weights, and Annex IV of the May 1993](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2016/12/31/asset-prices-and-the-business-cycle) _Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2002/april_