{
  "title": "Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, April 1, 1999",
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  "summary": "This paper analyzes the factors affecting economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa, using data for 1981–97. The results indicate that per capita real GDP growth is positively influenced by economic policies that raise the ratio of private investment to GDP, promote human capital development, lower the",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and scope",
      "content": "- Paper analyzes factors affecting economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa using data for 1981–97.\n- Authors: Dhaneshwar Ghura, Anupam Basu, Anthony E Calamitsis.\n- Publication date: April 1, 1999. Working Paper No. 1999/051. Issue: 051. Volume: 1999. Pages: 35.\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847093.001\n- ISBN: 9781451847093. ISSN: 1018-5941. Stock No: WPIEA0511999."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key empirical findings",
      "content": "- Per capita real GDP growth is positively influenced by:\n  - economic policies that raise the ratio of private investment to GDP;\n  - policies that promote human capital development;\n  - lower ratio of the budget deficit to GDP;\n  - policies that safeguard external competitiveness;\n  - policies that stimulate export volume growth.\n- The favorable evolution of these variables played an important role in the region’s apparent postreform recovery of 1995–97."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy framework and recommendations",
      "content": "- Emphasize raising the ratio of private investment to GDP.\n- Promote human capital development as a growth driver.\n- Reduce the ratio of the budget deficit to GDP to support growth.\n- Safeguard external competitiveness (including managing real effective exchange rates).\n- Stimulate export volume growth to contribute to sustained per capita real GDP growth.\n- The paper discusses a policy framework aimed at promoting sustainable economic growth and reducing poverty in sub-Saharan Africa."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords (as listed)",
      "content": "- Subjects: Export performance, Foreign exchange, Human capital, Inflation, International trade, Labor, National accounts, Prices, Private investment, Real effective exchange rates.\n- Keywords: a number of country, country, Export performance, GDP, growth performance, Human capital, Inflation, inflation rate, Private investment, rate of inflation, ratio, Real effective exchange rates, structural adjustment, Sub-Saharan Africa, very-weak-growth country, WP.\n\nSource: IMF Working Paper by Dhaneshwar Ghura, Anupam Basu, and Anthony E Calamitsis, \"Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa\", April 1, 1999, Working Paper No. 1999/051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847093.001\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa - WP/99/51\n  - Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa - WP/99/51 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa - WP/99/51 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/adjustment-and-growth-in-sub-saharan-africa-2986"
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    "Authors: Dhaneshwar Ghura, Anupam Basu, Anthony E Calamitsis",
    "Published: April 1, 1999",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847093.001",
    "Paper analyzes factors affecting economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa using data for 1981–97.",
    "Authors: Dhaneshwar Ghura, Anupam Basu, Anthony E Calamitsis.",
    "Publication date: April 1, 1999. Working Paper No. 1999/051. Issue: 051. Volume: 1999. Pages: 35.",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847093.001",
    "ISBN: 9781451847093. ISSN: 1018-5941. Stock No: WPIEA0511999.",
    "Per capita real GDP growth is positively influenced by:",
    "The favorable evolution of these variables played an important role in the region’s apparent postreform recovery of 1995–97.",
    "Emphasize raising the ratio of private investment to GDP.",
    "Promote human capital development as a growth driver.",
    "Reduce the ratio of the budget deficit to GDP to support growth.",
    "Safeguard external competitiveness (including managing real effective exchange rates).",
    "Stimulate export volume growth to contribute to sustained per capita real GDP growth.",
    "The paper discusses a policy framework aimed at promoting sustainable economic growth and reducing poverty in sub-Saharan Africa.",
    "Subjects: Export performance, Foreign exchange, Human capital, Inflation, International trade, Labor, National accounts, Prices, Private investment, Real effective exchange rates.",
    "Keywords: a number of country, country, Export performance, GDP, growth performance, Human capital, Inflation, inflation rate, Private investment, rate of inflation, ratio, Real effective exchange rates, structural adjustment, Sub-Saharan Africa, very-weak-growth country, WP.",
    "**Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa - WP/99/51**"
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