{
  "title": "Cooption and Repression in the Soviet Union",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, December 1, 2000",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915/index.md",
  "summary": "The Soviet ruling elite, the nomenklatura, used both cooption and political repression to encourage loyalty to the communist regime. Loyalty was critical both in defusing internal opposition to the rule of the nomenklatura and in either deterring or defeating foreign enemies of the Soviet Union.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- The Soviet ruling elite, the nomenklatura, used both cooption and political repression to encourage loyalty to the communist regime.\n- Loyalty was critical both in defusing internal opposition to the rule of the nomenklatura and in either deterring or defeating foreign enemies of the Soviet Union.\n- The working paper constructs an account of the historical evolution of policies of cooption and political repression in the Soviet Union."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Authors and Publication",
      "content": "- By Hershel I. Grossman, Dmitry Gershenson\n- Publication date: December 1, 2000\n- Series: Working Paper No. 2000/201\n- Issue: 201\n- Volume: 2000\n- Pages: 22"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Core assumption and methodology",
      "content": "- Assumption: The nomenklatura determined the extent of cooption and the intensity of political repression by equating their perceived marginal benefits and marginal costs.\n- Use of this assumption to build an analytical account of historical policy evolution regarding cooption and political repression."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Thematic focus and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject areas: Administration in revenue administration, Income distribution, National accounts, Population and demographics, Revenue administration\n- Keywords: Administration in revenue administration, arms race, choice problem, Communist Party, Cooption, Income distribution, members of the nomenklatura, nomenklatura, nomenklatura's agent, party membership, Repression, Soviet Union, WP"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Publication identifiers",
      "content": "- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451874341.001\n- Stock No: WPIEA2012000\n- ISBN: 9781451874341\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n\nIMF Working Papers — Coauthored by Hershel I. Grossman and Dmitry Gershenson; December 1, 2000.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Cooption and Repression in the Soviet Union - WP/00/201\n  - Cooption and Repression in the Soviet Union - WP/00/201 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Cooption and Repression in the Soviet Union - WP/00/201 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Hershel I. Grossman, Dmitry Gershenson",
    "Published: December 1, 2000",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451874341.001",
    "The Soviet ruling elite, the nomenklatura, used both cooption and political repression to encourage loyalty to the communist regime.",
    "Loyalty was critical both in defusing internal opposition to the rule of the nomenklatura and in either deterring or defeating foreign enemies of the Soviet Union.",
    "The working paper constructs an account of the historical evolution of policies of cooption and political repression in the Soviet Union.",
    "By Hershel I. Grossman, Dmitry Gershenson",
    "Publication date: December 1, 2000",
    "Series: Working Paper No. 2000/201",
    "Issue: 201",
    "Volume: 2000",
    "Pages: 22",
    "Assumption: The nomenklatura determined the extent of cooption and the intensity of political repression by equating their perceived marginal benefits and marginal costs.",
    "Use of this assumption to build an analytical account of historical policy evolution regarding cooption and political repression.",
    "Subject areas: Administration in revenue administration, Income distribution, National accounts, Population and demographics, Revenue administration",
    "Keywords: Administration in revenue administration, arms race, choice problem, Communist Party, Cooption, Income distribution, members of the nomenklatura, nomenklatura, nomenklatura's agent, party membership, Repression, Soviet Union, WP",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451874341.001",
    "Stock No: WPIEA2012000",
    "ISBN: 9781451874341",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "**Cooption and Repression in the Soviet Union - WP/00/201**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Cooption and Repression in the Soviet Union - WP/00/201",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2000/_wp00201.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2000/_wp00201.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2000/_wp00201.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/cooption-and-repression-in-the-soviet-union-3915/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-17T05:44:18.654Z"
}