## Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures

_IMF Working Papers, May 1, 1998_

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## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Vito Tanzi
- Published: May 1, 1998
- Series: IMF Working Papers
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451848397.001

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### Summary
- Corruption is attracting a lot of attention around the world.
- The paper surveys and discusses issues related to the causes, consequences, and scope of corruption and possible corrective actions.
- Emphasizes the costs of corruption in terms of economic growth.
- Emphasizes that the fight against corruption may not be cheap and cannot be independent from the reform of the state.
- Notes that if certain reforms are not made, corruption is likely to continue to be a problem regardless of actions directly aimed at curtailing it.

### Causes of Corruption (as discussed)
- Linkages between structure of the state and corruption: the role of the state and state-citizen relationship.
- Influence of public sector conditions: Civil service, Public sector wages, government-imposed rigidity, regulations.
- Economic and institutional contexts: market economy transition issues, excess demand, taxes and Tax incentives.
- Geographic and regional factors mentioned: East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, transition country contexts.
- Other relevant factors: donor country interactions, government benefit structures, way government operates.

### Consequences and Scope
- Primary emphasized consequence: costs of corruption in terms of economic growth.
- Broader areas affected (subject keywords): Civil service, Corruption, Crime, Expenditure, Labor, Public sector wages, Tax incentives, Taxes.
- Scope is framed as global and cross-regional, affecting diverse country types including transition countries.

### Policy implications and corrective actions
- Anti-corruption efforts may be costly to implement.
- Anti-corruption efforts cannot be independent from broader state reform.
- Conditional statement: If certain reforms are not made, corruption is likely to continue despite actions directly aimed at curtailing it.
- Implied policy focus areas: reform of the state apparatus, public sector wage and expenditure policy, regulatory reform, tax and incentive structure adjustments.

### Key publication identifiers and access (preserved)
- Author: Vito Tanzi
- Date: May 1, 1998
- Series: Working Paper No. 1998/063
- Pages: 39
- Issue: 063
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451848397.001

*Source: Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures, Vito Tanzi, May 1, 1998.*

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## Content in this bundle

- **Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scop, and Curres - WP/98/63**
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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/corruption-around-the-world-causes-consequences-scope-and-cures-2583_