{ "title": "IMF and the Baltics: A Decade of Cooperation", "publication": "IMF Working Papers, December 1, 2003", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981", "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981", "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981/index.md", "summary": "The paper is an economic history of the IMF’s involvement in the Baltic states. It describes and analyzes the initial economic stabilization; the period of consolidation and recovery; the effects of the Russian crisis of 1998; and the current growth phases of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.", "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "content": "- The paper is an economic history of the IMF’s involvement in the Baltic states.\n- It describes and analyzes:\n - the initial economic stabilization;\n - the period of consolidation and recovery;\n - the effects of the Russian crisis of 1998;\n - the current growth phases of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.\n- Includes an assessment of cooperation with the Fund based on interviews with a number of ex-officials.\n- Major conclusion: the Baltics have been so successful because of their early commitment to change the stabilization and reform policies needed for successful transition, and their ownership of their IMF-supported programs." }, { "heading": "Analysis by phase", "content": "- Initial economic stabilization\n - Examines the stabilization policies and measures adopted at the outset of transition in the Baltic states.\n- Period of consolidation and recovery\n - Analyzes the consolidation of reforms and the recovery trajectory following initial stabilization.\n- Effects of the Russian crisis of 1998\n - Assesses how the Russian crisis of 1998 affected the Baltic economies and their reform paths.\n- Current growth phases (as of the paper)\n - Describes the growth phases of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia following stabilization and recovery." }, { "heading": "Assessment of IMF–Baltics cooperation", "content": "- Based on interviews with a number of ex-officials.\n- Focuses on ownership of IMF-supported programs and the role of early commitment to stabilization and reform in the Baltics’ success." }, { "heading": "Subject areas and keywords", "content": "- Subject:\n - Banking\n - Budget planning and preparation\n - Currencies\n - Currency boards\n - Fiscal policy\n - Foreign exchange\n - Macrostructural analysis\n - Money\n - Public financial management (PFM)\n - Structural reforms\n- Keywords:\n - authorities of the logic\n - Baltic country\n - Baltics\n - Budget planning and preparation\n - country authorities\n - Currencies\n - currency board\n - Currency boards\n - currency reform\n - Estonian authority\n - Fund staff\n - government intervention\n - Latvian authorities\n - Lithuanian authorities\n - monetary policy\n - policy advice\n - Structural reforms\n - transition to market economy\n - WP\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- IMF and the Baltics: A Decade of Cooperation, IMF Working Paper No. 03/241\n - IMF and the Baltics: A Decade of Cooperation, IMF Working Paper No. 03/241 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n - IMF and the Baltics: A Decade of Cooperation, IMF Working Paper No. 03/241 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981" } ], "bullets": [ "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981/index.md)", "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981/index.json)", "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981/bundle-manifest.json)", "Authors: Adalbert Knöbl, Richard D Haas", "Published: December 1, 2003", "Series: IMF Working Papers", "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451875829.001", "The paper is an economic history of the IMF’s involvement in the Baltic states.", "It describes and analyzes:", "Includes an assessment of cooperation with the Fund based on interviews with a number of ex-officials.", "Major conclusion: the Baltics have been so successful because of their early commitment to change the stabilization and reform policies needed for successful transition, and their ownership of their IMF-supported programs.", "Initial economic stabilization", "Period of consolidation and recovery", "Effects of the Russian crisis of 1998", "Current growth phases (as of the paper)", "Based on interviews with a number of ex-officials.", "Focuses on ownership of IMF-supported programs and the role of early commitment to stabilization and reform in the Baltics’ success.", "Subject:", "Keywords:", "**IMF and the Baltics: A Decade of Cooperation, IMF Working Paper No. 03/241**" ], "related": [ { "title": "IMF and the Baltics: A Decade of Cooperation, IMF Working Paper No. 03/241", "role": "document", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2003/_wp03241.pdf", "summary": { "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2003/_wp03241.pdf.md", "mime": "text/markdown" }, "binary": { "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2003/_wp03241.pdf", "mime": "application/pdf" } } ], "alternates": { "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981/index.md", "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981/index.json", "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/imf-and-the-baltics-a-decade-of-cooperation-16981/bundle-manifest.json" }, "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-17T06:39:07.086Z" }