## Medium-Term Exchange Rate Forecasting: What Can We Expect?

_IMF Working Papers, January 1, 2003_

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## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Guy M Meredith
- Published: January 1, 2003
- Series: IMF Working Papers
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451843934.001

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### Summary of research question and models
- Examines the medium-term predictability of exchange rate movements using three models of fundamentals:
  - purchasing power parity
  - the monetary model
  - uncovered interest parity

### Main empirical findings
- Purchasing power parity and the monetary model:
  - Yield favorable in-sample results.
  - These in-sample results largely reflect finite-sample estimation biases.
  - After adjusting for finite-sample biases, there is little evidence of predictability.
- Out-of-sample forecasting performance:
  - There is a lack of systematic improvement in out-of-sample forecasting performance relative to a random walk.
- Uncovered interest parity:
  - Fares better at long horizons.
  - Reflects information already embodied in market prices and therefore may not be useful as an indicator of exchange rate misalignment.

### Interpretation and implications
- The apparent predictability from simpler fundamentals models can be driven by finite-sample biases rather than true forecasting power.
- Models that appear successful in-sample should be assessed for finite-sample biases before inferring medium-term predictability.
- Even when a model (uncovered interest parity) performs better at long horizons, its usefulness as a misalignment indicator is limited if it merely reflects market prices.

### Cautions and recommendations for future work
- More elaborate models of fundamentals might have better medium-term forecasting properties.
- Careful attention must be paid to finite-sample biases in assessing predictability.

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/medium-term-exchange-rate-forecasting-what-can-we-expect-16272_