{
  "title": "Military Expenditure: International Comparison of Trends",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, May 1, 1991",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/military-expenditure-international-comparison-of-trends-931",
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  "summary": "This paper analyzes trends in world military expenditure by examining the shares of different country groups and the ratio to GDP of individual nations. The coverage is military expenditures in 125 countries from 1972 to 1988.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- Author: Daniel P. Hewitt\n- Publication date: May 1, 1991\n- Paper type: IMF Working Paper (Working Paper No. 1991/054)\n- Core objective: Analyze trends in world military expenditure by examining shares of different country groups and the ratio to GDP of individual nations."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Coverage and data",
      "content": "- Geographic/temporal coverage: Military expenditures in 125 countries from 1972 to 1988.\n- Comparisons included:\n  - Military expenditures as a proportion of central government expenditures.\n  - Budgetary trade-offs among military, social, and development expenditures.\n- Data sources/terminology noted in metadata: Adjusted SIPRI (listed among keywords)."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key analyses and focal points",
      "content": "- Examination of shares of different country groups in world military expenditure.\n- Analysis of the ratio of military expenditure to GDP for individual nations.\n- Comparison of military expenditures relative to central government expenditure levels.\n- Analysis of budgetary trade-offs between:\n  - Military expenditures\n  - Social expenditures\n  - Development expenditures\n- Discussion of the impact of military expenditures on economic development."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and themes",
      "content": "- The paper addresses implications for:\n  - Budget planning and preparation\n  - Central government spending and public financial management (PFM)\n  - Public employment and labor considerations\n  - Expenditure patterns and expenditure cutback strategies across regions, including Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Middle East, North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/military-expenditure-international-comparison-of-trends-931"
    }
  ],
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    "Authors: Daniel P. Hewitt",
    "Published: May 1, 1991",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847420.001",
    "Author: Daniel P. Hewitt",
    "Publication date: May 1, 1991",
    "Paper type: IMF Working Paper (Working Paper No. 1991/054)",
    "Core objective: Analyze trends in world military expenditure by examining shares of different country groups and the ratio to GDP of individual nations.",
    "Geographic/temporal coverage: Military expenditures in 125 countries from 1972 to 1988.",
    "Comparisons included:",
    "Data sources/terminology noted in metadata: Adjusted SIPRI (listed among keywords).",
    "Examination of shares of different country groups in world military expenditure.",
    "Analysis of the ratio of military expenditure to GDP for individual nations.",
    "Comparison of military expenditures relative to central government expenditure levels.",
    "Analysis of budgetary trade-offs between:",
    "Discussion of the impact of military expenditures on economic development.",
    "The paper addresses implications for:"
  ],
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