{
  "title": "National Accounts in Transition Countries: Distortions and Biases",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, November 1, 1996",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/national-accounts-in-transition-countries-distortions-and-biases-1913",
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  "summary": "The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national a",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- Working Paper aims to present IMF staff research to a wide audience; the IMF Working Papers series releases almost 300 Working Papers each year covering theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.\n- The document carries the disclaimer: \"This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.\""
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject Areas and Keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Commodities, Income, Inflation, Labor, National accounts, Non-wage benefits, Prices\n- Keywords: base period, cash flow, consumer goods, enterprise book keeping, enterprises price, Global, Income, incorporated enterprise, Inflation, market producer, Non-wage benefits, outlier enterprise, private sector, WP"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Access and Formats",
      "content": "- Available via IMF eLibrary; the eLibrary offers over 25,000 IMF publications in multiple formats.\n- Formats on IMF eLibrary are indicated on the landing page; options include ordering a print copy and citation export formats (Chicago format preview shown)."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Notable Metadata and Identifiers",
      "content": "- Citation example (Chicago): Adriaan M. Bloem, Paul Cotterell, and Terry Gigantes. \"National Accounts in Transition Countries: Distortions and Biases\", IMF Working Papers 1996, 130 (1996), accessed 9/17/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451933888.001\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/national-accounts-in-transition-countries-distortions-and-biases-1913\n\n---\n\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/national-accounts-in-transition-countries-distortions-and-biases-1913"
    }
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    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/national-accounts-in-transition-countries-distortions-and-biases-1913/index.md)",
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    "Authors: Adriaan M. Bloem, Paul Cotterell, Terry Gigantes",
    "Published: November 1, 1996",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451933888.001",
    "Working Paper aims to present IMF staff research to a wide audience; the IMF Working Papers series releases almost 300 Working Papers each year covering theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.",
    "The document carries the disclaimer: \"This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.\"",
    "Subject: Commodities, Income, Inflation, Labor, National accounts, Non-wage benefits, Prices",
    "Keywords: base period, cash flow, consumer goods, enterprise book keeping, enterprises price, Global, Income, incorporated enterprise, Inflation, market producer, Non-wage benefits, outlier enterprise, private sector, WP",
    "Available via IMF eLibrary; the eLibrary offers over 25,000 IMF publications in multiple formats.",
    "Formats on IMF eLibrary are indicated on the landing page; options include ordering a print copy and citation export formats (Chicago format preview shown).",
    "Citation example (Chicago): Adriaan M. Bloem, Paul Cotterell, and Terry Gigantes. \"National Accounts in Transition Countries: Distortions and Biases\", IMF Working Papers 1996, 130 (1996), accessed 9/17/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451933888.001"
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