{
  "title": "Social Sector Spending in a Panel of Countries",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, February 1, 2002",
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  "summary": "This paper presents evidence on the political and economic determinants of social sector spending from a panel dataset. The principal finding is that democratization in countries, as measured by within-country variation in subjective indices of democracy, is a significant predictor of government spe",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Principal findings",
      "content": "- Democratization, measured by within-country variation in subjective indices of democracy, is a significant predictor of government spending on education and health.\n- The relationship is robust to controlling for a variety of factors.\n- Estimated magnitudes:\n  - An increase from the lowest to the highest rating for democracy for a country is associated with approximately 1 percent more central government spending in social sectors, as a percent of GDP.\n  - An increase from the lowest to the highest rating for democracy for a country is associated with approximately 3 percent more general government spending in social sectors, as a percent of GDP."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Data and scope",
      "content": "- Empirical approach: analysis of a panel dataset (time series cross-section).\n- Social sectors analyzed: education and health.\n- Key variables referenced: subjective indices of democracy, central government spending, general government spending, percent of GDP measures."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Robustness and controls",
      "content": "- Reported relationship between democracy and social sector spending remains significant after controlling for a variety of factors (unspecified in this overview but noted as included in the analysis)."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Publication and metadata",
      "content": "- Author: Reza Baqir\n- Publication date: February 1, 2002\n- Series: IMF Working Paper No. 2002/035\n- Pages: 53\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451845365.001\n- ISBN: 9781451845365\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n\nSource: \"Social Sector Spending in a Panel of Countries\" by Reza Baqir, IMF Working Papers 2002, 035 (2002).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Social Sector Spending in a Panel of Countries - WP/02/35\n  - Social Sector Spending in a Panel of Countries - WP/02/35 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Social Sector Spending in a Panel of Countries - WP/02/35 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/social-sector-spending-in-a-panel-of-countries-15564"
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    "Authors: Reza Baqir",
    "Published: February 1, 2002",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451845365.001",
    "Democratization, measured by within-country variation in subjective indices of democracy, is a significant predictor of government spending on education and health.",
    "The relationship is robust to controlling for a variety of factors.",
    "Estimated magnitudes:",
    "Empirical approach: analysis of a panel dataset (time series cross-section).",
    "Social sectors analyzed: education and health.",
    "Key variables referenced: subjective indices of democracy, central government spending, general government spending, percent of GDP measures.",
    "Reported relationship between democracy and social sector spending remains significant after controlling for a variety of factors (unspecified in this overview but noted as included in the analysis).",
    "Author: Reza Baqir",
    "Publication date: February 1, 2002",
    "Series: IMF Working Paper No. 2002/035",
    "Pages: 53",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451845365.001",
    "ISBN: 9781451845365",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "**Social Sector Spending in a Panel of Countries - WP/02/35**"
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