{
  "title": "The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990's: Sources and Lessons",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, January 1, 2000",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/the-japanese-banking-crisis-of-the-1990-s-sources-and-lessons-3387",
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  "summary": "For a large part of the past decade, Japan has witnessed a steady deterioration in the health of its banking system. This paper examines what went wrong and why it has taken so long for the system to recover.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- Paper examines deterioration in the health of Japan's banking system over a large part of the past decade.\n- Traces roots of the crisis to accelerated deregulation and deepening of capital markets without an appropriate adjustment in the regulatory framework.\n- Identifies weak corporate governance and regulatory forbearance as the two factors behind what might have been an unnecessary prolongation of the distress of the financial system."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Major findings",
      "content": "- Accelerated deregulation and deepening of capital markets occurred without a corresponding adjustment in regulation, contributing to the crisis.\n- Weak corporate governance in Japanese banks undermined timely corrective action.\n- Regulatory forbearance prolonged the distress of the financial system and may have been unnecessary."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject coverage and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Bank credit; Banking; Capital adequacy requirements; Commercial banks; Corporate governance; Economic sectors; Financial institutions; Financial regulation and supervision; Loans; Money\n- Keywords include: asset growth; bank capital; Bank credit; bank management; bank ownership structure; Bank Restructuring; bank restructuring process; bank share; Banking Crisis; book value; Capital adequacy requirements; capital ratio; capitalized bank; city bank; Commercial banks; Corporate governance; equity holding; Global; Japan; Loans; long-term credit; parent bank; trust bank; WP\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990s: Sources and Lessons - WP/00/07\n  - The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990s: Sources and Lessons - WP/00/07 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990s: Sources and Lessons - WP/00/07 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/the-japanese-banking-crisis-of-the-1990-s-sources-and-lessons-3387"
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    "Authors: David Woo, Akihiro Kanaya",
    "Published: January 1, 2000",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451842401.001",
    "Paper examines deterioration in the health of Japan's banking system over a large part of the past decade.",
    "Traces roots of the crisis to accelerated deregulation and deepening of capital markets without an appropriate adjustment in the regulatory framework.",
    "Identifies weak corporate governance and regulatory forbearance as the two factors behind what might have been an unnecessary prolongation of the distress of the financial system.",
    "Accelerated deregulation and deepening of capital markets occurred without a corresponding adjustment in regulation, contributing to the crisis.",
    "Weak corporate governance in Japanese banks undermined timely corrective action.",
    "Regulatory forbearance prolonged the distress of the financial system and may have been unnecessary.",
    "Subject: Bank credit; Banking; Capital adequacy requirements; Commercial banks; Corporate governance; Economic sectors; Financial institutions; Financial regulation and supervision; Loans; Money",
    "Keywords include: asset growth; bank capital; Bank credit; bank management; bank ownership structure; Bank Restructuring; bank restructuring process; bank share; Banking Crisis; book value; Capital adequacy requirements; capital ratio; capitalized bank; city bank; Commercial banks; Corporate governance; equity holding; Global; Japan; Loans; long-term credit; parent bank; trust bank; WP",
    "**The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990s: Sources and Lessons - WP/00/07**"
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