{
  "title": "Trade in the Mashreq: An Empirical Examination",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, October 1, 2001",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/trade-in-the-mashreq-an-empirical-examination-15426",
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  "summary": "This paper provides a framework for understanding trade patterns in the Mashreq. An augmented gravity model is used to compare actual with expected levels of trade. Trade barriers, political uncertainty, and over-appreciation of domestic currencies seem to explain low levels of international trade.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary and main findings",
      "content": "- The paper provides a framework for understanding trade patterns in the Mashreq using an augmented gravity model to compare actual with expected levels of trade.\n- Trade barriers, political uncertainty, and over-appreciation of domestic currencies seem to explain low levels of international trade.\n- At the intra-regional level, specific trade barriers between Israel and other Mashreq countries reduce further levels of trade.\n- Removing Israel from the sample leads to higher actual intra-regional trade than predicted."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Methodology",
      "content": "- Uses an augmented gravity model to estimate expected trade and compare it with actual trade flows."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key policy implications and recommendations",
      "content": "- Trade liberalization would boost trade in the region.\n- Correction of currency misalignments would boost trade in the region.\n- Reduction of political uncertainty would boost trade in the region.\n- Improved trade relations with Israel would boost trade in the region."
    },
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      "heading": "Publication and metadata",
      "content": "- Author: Rodolphe Blavy\n- Date: October 1, 2001\n- Series: Working Paper No. 2001/163\n- Issue: 163\n- Volume: 2001\n- Pages: 31\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451857931.001\n- Stock No: WPIEA1632001\n- ISBN: 9781451857931\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n\nIMF Working Papers — Trade in the Mashreq: An Empirical Examination\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Trade in the Mashreq:  An Empirical Examination - WP/01/163\n  - Trade in the Mashreq:  An Empirical Examination - WP/01/163 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Trade in the Mashreq:  An Empirical Examination - WP/01/163 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/trade-in-the-mashreq-an-empirical-examination-15426"
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    "Authors: Rodolphe Blavy",
    "Published: October 1, 2001",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451857931.001",
    "The paper provides a framework for understanding trade patterns in the Mashreq using an augmented gravity model to compare actual with expected levels of trade.",
    "Trade barriers, political uncertainty, and over-appreciation of domestic currencies seem to explain low levels of international trade.",
    "At the intra-regional level, specific trade barriers between Israel and other Mashreq countries reduce further levels of trade.",
    "Removing Israel from the sample leads to higher actual intra-regional trade than predicted.",
    "Uses an augmented gravity model to estimate expected trade and compare it with actual trade flows.",
    "Trade liberalization would boost trade in the region.",
    "Correction of currency misalignments would boost trade in the region.",
    "Reduction of political uncertainty would boost trade in the region.",
    "Improved trade relations with Israel would boost trade in the region.",
    "Author: Rodolphe Blavy",
    "Date: October 1, 2001",
    "Series: Working Paper No. 2001/163",
    "Issue: 163",
    "Volume: 2001",
    "Pages: 31",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451857931.001",
    "Stock No: WPIEA1632001",
    "ISBN: 9781451857931",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "**Trade in the Mashreq:  An Empirical Examination - WP/01/163**"
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