{
  "title": "Why White, Not Keynes? Inventing the Post-War International Monetary System",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, March 1, 2002",
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  "summary": "The international monetary system is largely the product of negotiations during World War II between U.S. and U.K. officials, led respectively by Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes. The design of the system, especially the International Monetary Fund, reflects the U.S.",
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    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- The international monetary system is largely the product of negotiations during World War II between U.S. and U.K. officials, led respectively by Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes.\n- The design of the system, especially the International Monetary Fund, reflects the U.S. plan much more than the British.\n- That outcome resulted not only from the superior economic position of the United States but also from differences between White's and Keynes's views on key issues.\n- Examination of White's economic papers shows that he was more multilateral than Keynes and placed a higher priority on monetary discipline."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Major findings and analysis",
      "content": "- Negotiations during World War II between U.S. and U.K. officials determined the post-war international monetary system.\n- The International Monetary Fund's design mirrors the U.S. plan to a significantly greater degree than the British plan.\n- Factors explaining the U.S. outcome:\n  - Superior economic position of the United States.\n  - Differences in policy views between Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes.\n- Characterization of White's approach:\n  - More multilateral than Keynes.\n  - Higher priority on monetary discipline."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Banking, Credit, Currencies, Gold, International monetary system\n- Keywords: credit creation, currency, dollar, intimidating presence, multilateral concept, Ph.D. dissertation, WP\n\nIMF Working Paper: \"Why White, Not Keynes? Inventing the Post-War International Monetary System\" by James M. Boughton (Working Paper No. 2002/052, March 1, 2002).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Why White, Not Keynes?  Inventing the Postwar International Monetary System - WP/02/52\n  - Why White, Not Keynes?  Inventing the Postwar International Monetary System - WP/02/52 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Why White, Not Keynes?  Inventing the Postwar International Monetary System - WP/02/52 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/why-white-not-keynes-inventing-the-post-war-international-monetary-system-15718"
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    "Authors: James M. Boughton",
    "Published: March 1, 2002",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847260.001",
    "The international monetary system is largely the product of negotiations during World War II between U.S. and U.K. officials, led respectively by Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes.",
    "The design of the system, especially the International Monetary Fund, reflects the U.S. plan much more than the British.",
    "That outcome resulted not only from the superior economic position of the United States but also from differences between White's and Keynes's views on key issues.",
    "Examination of White's economic papers shows that he was more multilateral than Keynes and placed a higher priority on monetary discipline.",
    "Negotiations during World War II between U.S. and U.K. officials determined the post-war international monetary system.",
    "The International Monetary Fund's design mirrors the U.S. plan to a significantly greater degree than the British plan.",
    "Factors explaining the U.S. outcome:",
    "Characterization of White's approach:",
    "Subject: Banking, Credit, Currencies, Gold, International monetary system",
    "Keywords: credit creation, currency, dollar, intimidating presence, multilateral concept, Ph.D. dissertation, WP",
    "**Why White, Not Keynes?  Inventing the Postwar International Monetary System - WP/02/52**"
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