{
  "title": "Does Import Protection Discourage Exports?",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, January 1, 2006",
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  "summary": "This paper points out that while many developing countries seek to increase their export earnings, they have not embraced fully the notion that their own pattern of import protection hurts their export performance.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- The paper argues that many developing countries seeking to increase export earnings have not fully recognized that their own pattern of import protection hurts their export performance.\n- It quantifies how import protection functions as a tax on a country's export sector.\n- It illustrates effects of various tariff-cutting scenarios in the Doha Round on export incentives."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Main findings",
      "content": "- For many developing countries, the magnitude of the implicit tax from import protection is substantial—about 12 percent, on average, for the countries studied.\n- Reducing a country's own import tariffs can, in general, increase its export earnings.\n- Tariff-cutting schemes that exempt certain sectors could be harmful to export incentives."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analysis of tariff-cutting scenarios (Doha Round examples)",
      "content": "- The paper models various tariff-cutting scenarios and assesses their impact on export incentives.\n- Results indicate that broad-based tariff reductions tend to improve export incentives, while selective exemptions may create anti-export biases."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations",
      "content": "- Developing countries could increase export earnings by reducing their own import tariffs.\n- Careful design of tariff reductions is essential: avoid tariff-cutting schemes that exempt certain sectors, as these can be harmful to export performance."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key statistics and publication identifiers",
      "content": "- Implicit tax on exporters: about 12 percent, on average, for the countries studied.\n- Pages: 27\n- Series: Working Paper No. 2006/020\n- Issue: 020\n- Volume: 2006\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451862805.001\n- ISBN: 9781451862805\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n\nSource: Stephen Tokarick, \"Does Import Protection Discourage Exports?\", IMF Working Papers 2006, 020.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp0620\n  - wp0620 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp0620 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/does-import-protection-discourage-exports-18753"
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    "Authors: Stephen Tokarick",
    "Published: January 1, 2006",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451862805.001",
    "The paper argues that many developing countries seeking to increase export earnings have not fully recognized that their own pattern of import protection hurts their export performance.",
    "It quantifies how import protection functions as a tax on a country's export sector.",
    "It illustrates effects of various tariff-cutting scenarios in the Doha Round on export incentives.",
    "For many developing countries, the magnitude of the implicit tax from import protection is substantial—about 12 percent, on average, for the countries studied.",
    "Reducing a country's own import tariffs can, in general, increase its export earnings.",
    "Tariff-cutting schemes that exempt certain sectors could be harmful to export incentives.",
    "The paper models various tariff-cutting scenarios and assesses their impact on export incentives.",
    "Results indicate that broad-based tariff reductions tend to improve export incentives, while selective exemptions may create anti-export biases.",
    "Developing countries could increase export earnings by reducing their own import tariffs.",
    "Careful design of tariff reductions is essential: avoid tariff-cutting schemes that exempt certain sectors, as these can be harmful to export performance.",
    "Implicit tax on exporters: about 12 percent, on average, for the countries studied.",
    "Pages: 27",
    "Series: Working Paper No. 2006/020",
    "Issue: 020",
    "Volume: 2006",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451862805.001",
    "ISBN: 9781451862805",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
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