{
  "title": "Empirical Evidence on the New International Aid Architecture",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, December 1, 2007",
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  "summary": "We study how 22 donors allocate their bilateral aid among 147 recipient countries over the 1970- 2004 period to investigate whether changes in the international aid architecture?at the international and country level?have led to changes in behavior.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary and main findings",
      "content": "- Study scope: analysis of how 22 donors allocate their bilateral aid among 147 recipient countries over the 1970- 2004 period.\n- Primary finding: after the fall of the Berlin wall, and especially in the late nineties, bilateral aid responds more to economic need and the quality of a recipient country's policy and institutional environment and less to debt, size, and colonial linkages.\n- Debt and defensive lending: when a country uses a PRSP and passes the HIPC decision point the perverse effect of large bilateral and multilateral debt shares on aid flows is reduced, suggesting less defensive lending.\n- Overall assessment: international aid architecture changes have led to more selectivity in aid allocations.\n- Uncertainties: the specific factors causing these changes remain unclear.\n- Heterogeneity across donors: large differences among donors in selectivity remain and appear to relate to donors' own institutional environments.\n- Policy implication: further reforms will have to be multifaceted."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy-relevant observations and implications",
      "content": "- Increased selectivity suggests donors place greater weight on:\n  - economic need, and\n  - quality of recipient policy and institutional environment.\n- Reduced defensive lending associated with:\n  - recipient use of a PRSP, and\n  - passing the HIPC decision point.\n- Reform design implication: because donor behavior differs and appears linked to donor institutional environments, reforms aiming to further improve aid allocation should be multifaceted and address donor-side institutions as well as recipient incentives."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Data, scope, and methodological notes",
      "content": "- Donors analyzed: 22.\n- Recipients analyzed: 147.\n- Time period covered: 1970- 2004.\n- Document length: 53 pages.\n- Publication series and identifiers:\n  - Series: Working Paper No. 2007/277\n  - Issue: 277\n  - Volume: 2007\n  - DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451868401.001\n  - Stock No: WPIEA2007277\n  - ISBN: 9781451868401\n  - ISSN: 1018-5941\n- Authors: Danny Cassimon, Stijn Claessens, Bjorn Van Campenhout\n- Publication date: December 1, 2007"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject classification and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Aid flows, Debt reduction, Debt relief, Foreign aid, Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt\n- Keywords: country combination, country export, country trade, donor country, recipient country, WP\n\nSource: IMF Working Papers — \"Empirical Evidence on the New International Aid Architecture\", Danny Cassimon, Stijn Claessens, and Bjorn Van Campenhout, December 1, 2007.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp07277\n  - wp07277 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp07277 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/empirical-evidence-on-the-new-international-aid-architecture-21463"
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    "Authors: Danny Cassimon, Stijn Claessens, Bjorn Van Campenhout",
    "Published: December 1, 2007",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451868401.001",
    "Study scope: analysis of how 22 donors allocate their bilateral aid among 147 recipient countries over the 1970- 2004 period.",
    "Primary finding: after the fall of the Berlin wall, and especially in the late nineties, bilateral aid responds more to economic need and the quality of a recipient country's policy and institutional environment and less to debt, size, and colonial linkages.",
    "Debt and defensive lending: when a country uses a PRSP and passes the HIPC decision point the perverse effect of large bilateral and multilateral debt shares on aid flows is reduced, suggesting less defensive lending.",
    "Overall assessment: international aid architecture changes have led to more selectivity in aid allocations.",
    "Uncertainties: the specific factors causing these changes remain unclear.",
    "Heterogeneity across donors: large differences among donors in selectivity remain and appear to relate to donors' own institutional environments.",
    "Policy implication: further reforms will have to be multifaceted.",
    "Increased selectivity suggests donors place greater weight on:",
    "Reduced defensive lending associated with:",
    "Reform design implication: because donor behavior differs and appears linked to donor institutional environments, reforms aiming to further improve aid allocation should be multifaceted and address donor-side institutions as well as recipient incentives.",
    "Donors analyzed: 22.",
    "Recipients analyzed: 147.",
    "Time period covered: 1970- 2004.",
    "Document length: 53 pages.",
    "Publication series and identifiers:",
    "Authors: Danny Cassimon, Stijn Claessens, Bjorn Van Campenhout",
    "Publication date: December 1, 2007",
    "Subject: Aid flows, Debt reduction, Debt relief, Foreign aid, Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt",
    "Keywords: country combination, country export, country trade, donor country, recipient country, WP",
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