{
  "title": "Expenditure Ceilings—A Survey",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, December 1, 2008",
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  "summary": "This paper looks at the factors that have to be considered when designing an aggregate expenditure ceiling. It is argued that expenditure ceilings are effective in promoting fiscal discipline and sustainability, but that a number of trade-offs have to be made when setting up a fiscal framework that",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and Purpose",
      "content": "- Paper examines factors to consider when designing an aggregate expenditure ceiling.\n- Argues that expenditure ceilings are effective in promoting fiscal discipline and sustainability.\n- Notes that a number of trade-offs must be made when setting up a fiscal framework that will survive in a politically charged environment.\n- Illustrates discussion with a case study of medium-term aggregate expenditure ceilings in three countries: Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key Findings",
      "content": "- Expenditure ceilings are effective in promoting fiscal discipline and sustainability.\n- Designing a durable fiscal framework requires balancing multiple trade-offs in a politically charged environment.\n- Medium-term aggregate expenditure ceilings are exemplified by practices in Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject Areas and Keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Budget planning and preparation; Expenditure; External debt; Fiscal governance; Fiscal policy; Inflation; Interest payments; Prices; Public financial management (PFM)\n- Keywords: budget expenditure; Budget planning and preparation; central government; expenditure category; expenditure ceiling; expenditure ceiling in the Netherlands; Expenditure ceilings; expenditure ceilings regime; expenditure development; expenditure forecast; expenditure level; expenditure-reducing measure; Fiscal governance; fiscal policy; fiscal rules; government expenditure; government finances; Inflation; Interest payments; investment expenditure; medium-term expenditure ceiling; structural surplus; time horizon; WP"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Access and Formats",
      "content": "- Format listed: Chicago citation example provided.\n- Options referenced: Download PDF; More Formats on IMF eLibrary; Order a Print Copy; Create Citation; Share.\n\nIMF Working Papers — Expenditure Ceilings—A Survey by Gösta Ljungman (Working Paper No. 2008/282).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Expenditure Ceilings -- A Survey; by Gösta Ljungman; IMF Working Paper 08/282; December 1, 2008.\n  - Expenditure Ceilings -- A Survey; by Gösta Ljungman; IMF Working Paper 08/282; December 1, 2008. (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Expenditure Ceilings -- A Survey; by Gösta Ljungman; IMF Working Paper 08/282; December 1, 2008. (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/expenditure-ceilings-a-survey-22506"
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    "Authors: Gösta Ljungman",
    "Published: December 1, 2008",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451871401.001",
    "Paper examines factors to consider when designing an aggregate expenditure ceiling.",
    "Argues that expenditure ceilings are effective in promoting fiscal discipline and sustainability.",
    "Notes that a number of trade-offs must be made when setting up a fiscal framework that will survive in a politically charged environment.",
    "Illustrates discussion with a case study of medium-term aggregate expenditure ceilings in three countries: Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden.",
    "Expenditure ceilings are effective in promoting fiscal discipline and sustainability.",
    "Designing a durable fiscal framework requires balancing multiple trade-offs in a politically charged environment.",
    "Medium-term aggregate expenditure ceilings are exemplified by practices in Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden.",
    "Subject: Budget planning and preparation; Expenditure; External debt; Fiscal governance; Fiscal policy; Inflation; Interest payments; Prices; Public financial management (PFM)",
    "Keywords: budget expenditure; Budget planning and preparation; central government; expenditure category; expenditure ceiling; expenditure ceiling in the Netherlands; Expenditure ceilings; expenditure ceilings regime; expenditure development; expenditure forecast; expenditure level; expenditure-reducing measure; Fiscal governance; fiscal policy; fiscal rules; government expenditure; government finances; Inflation; Interest payments; investment expenditure; medium-term expenditure ceiling; structural surplus; time horizon; WP",
    "Format listed: Chicago citation example provided.",
    "Options referenced: Download PDF; More Formats on IMF eLibrary; Order a Print Copy; Create Citation; Share.",
    "**Expenditure Ceilings -- A Survey; by Gösta Ljungman; IMF Working Paper 08/282; December 1, 2008.**"
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