{
  "title": "Institutional Transformations, Polity and Economic Outcomes: Testing the North-Wallis-Weingast Doorsteps Framework",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, March 1, 2012",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/institutional-transformations-polity-and-economic-outcomes-testing-the-north-wallis-weingast-25799",
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  "summary": "This paper tests the theoretical framework developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (2009) on the transition from closed to open access societies.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Research question and theoretical framework",
      "content": "- Tests the theoretical framework developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (2009) on the transition from closed to open access societies.\n- Core proposition: societies must go through three doorsteps to transition to open access societies:\n  - (i) the establishment of rule of law among elites;\n  - (ii) the adoption of perpetually existing organizations;\n  - (iii) the political control of the military."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Data, indicators, and methods",
      "content": "- Identifies indicators reflecting the three doorsteps and graphically tests the correlation between these indicators and a set of political and economic variables.\n- Employs Identification through Heteroskedasticity to test the relationships econometrically."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings and substantive conclusions",
      "content": "- Broad confirmation of the logic behind the doorsteps as necessary steps in the transition to open access societies.\n- The doorsteps:\n  - influence economic and political processes;\n  - influence each other;\n  - do so with varying intensity.\n- Identifies income inequality as a potentially important force leading to social change."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords (as listed)",
      "content": "- Subjects: Corruption, Crime, Expenditure, Income inequality, Labor, National accounts, Personal income\n- Keywords: Asia and Pacific, Corruption, economic performance, Europe, Gini coefficient, government expenditure, income inequality, Income inequality, institutions, NWW transition framework, open access order, open access society, Personal income, political performance, political system, transition, WP\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Microsoft Word - WP -- NWW Doorsteps testing final correct 041712.docx\n  - Microsoft Word - WP -- NWW Doorsteps testing final correct 041712.docx (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Microsoft Word - WP -- NWW Doorsteps testing final correct 041712.docx (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/institutional-transformations-polity-and-economic-outcomes-testing-the-north-wallis-weingast-25799"
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    "Authors: Marc G Quintyn, Sophia Gollwitzer",
    "Published: March 1, 2012",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475502510.001",
    "Tests the theoretical framework developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (2009) on the transition from closed to open access societies.",
    "Core proposition: societies must go through three doorsteps to transition to open access societies:",
    "Identifies indicators reflecting the three doorsteps and graphically tests the correlation between these indicators and a set of political and economic variables.",
    "Employs Identification through Heteroskedasticity to test the relationships econometrically.",
    "Broad confirmation of the logic behind the doorsteps as necessary steps in the transition to open access societies.",
    "The doorsteps:",
    "Identifies income inequality as a potentially important force leading to social change.",
    "Subjects: Corruption, Crime, Expenditure, Income inequality, Labor, National accounts, Personal income",
    "Keywords: Asia and Pacific, Corruption, economic performance, Europe, Gini coefficient, government expenditure, income inequality, Income inequality, institutions, NWW transition framework, open access order, open access society, Personal income, political performance, political system, transition, WP",
    "**Microsoft Word - WP -- NWW Doorsteps testing final correct 041712.docx**"
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