{
  "title": "Modeling Macro-Critical Energy Sectors in Low-Income Countries: A General Framework and an Application to Côte d’Ivoire",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, June 1, 2008",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/modeling-macro-critical-energy-sectors-in-low-income-countries-a-general-framework-and-an-22020",
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  "summary": "This paper proposes a general framework for monitoring macro-critical energy sectors in low-income countries, defined as consisting of the three subsectors of crude oil and natural gas production, refinery, and electricity production.",
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    {
      "heading": "Framework proposed",
      "content": "- Defines the macro-critical energy sector in low-income countries as consisting of three subsectors: crude oil and natural gas production, refinery, and electricity production.\n- Aims to derive consistent information on physical and financial flows in the sector, including interlinkages between the subsectors."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Application to Côte d’Ivoire",
      "content": "- Framework is applied to Côte d’Ivoire to assess sector performance and linkages.\n- The Ivoirien energy sector is identified as an important source of growth but with significant shortcomings."
    },
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      "heading": "Key findings and identified problems",
      "content": "- Transparency:\n  - Partially intransparent production sharing arrangements for hydrocarbon production.\n- Prices and markets:\n  - Price distortions for natural gas.\n  - Administered prices for refined petroleum products.\n- Electricity subsector:\n  - Underfunding and lack of investment in the electricity sector.\n  - Inefficient government subsidies affecting the electricity subsector.\n- Fiscal contribution:\n  - Energy sector shortcomings reduce contribution to fiscal revenue.\n- Cross-cutting:\n  - Inefficiencies and distortions in the latter two subsectors (refined petroleum products and electricity) linked to government subsidies.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp08156\n  - wp08156 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp08156 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/modeling-macro-critical-energy-sectors-in-low-income-countries-a-general-framework-and-an-22020"
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    "Authors: Holger Fabig",
    "Published: June 1, 2008",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451870145.001",
    "Defines the macro-critical energy sector in low-income countries as consisting of three subsectors: crude oil and natural gas production, refinery, and electricity production.",
    "Aims to derive consistent information on physical and financial flows in the sector, including interlinkages between the subsectors.",
    "Framework is applied to Côte d’Ivoire to assess sector performance and linkages.",
    "The Ivoirien energy sector is identified as an important source of growth but with significant shortcomings.",
    "Transparency:",
    "Prices and markets:",
    "Electricity subsector:",
    "Fiscal contribution:",
    "Cross-cutting:",
    "**_wp08156**"
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