{
  "title": "Post-crisis International Banking: An Analysis with New Regulatory Survey Data",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, April 8, 2016",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861/index.md",
  "summary": "Foreign bank lending has stopped growing since the global financial crisis. Changes in banks’ business models, balance-sheet adjustments, as well as the tightening of banking regulations are potential drivers of this prolonged slowdown.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Main findings",
      "content": "- Foreign bank lending has stopped growing since the global financial crisis.\n- Changes in banks’ business models, balance-sheet adjustments, and the tightening of banking regulations are potential drivers of this prolonged slowdown.\n- Existing literature suggests an opposite effect related to regulation, with tighter regulations encouraging foreign lending through regulatory arbitrage.\n- Using new survey data on regulations specific to banks’ international operations, the authors find:\n  - Regulatory tightening can explain about half of the decline in the foreign lending-to-GDP ratio between 2007 and 2013.\n  - Regulatory changes in home countries have had a larger effect than those in host countries."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Data and scope",
      "content": "- New survey data on regulations specific to banks’ international operations were used to investigate the impact of regulatory changes on foreign lending.\n- Time horizon analyzed for the principal quantitative result: 2007 to 2013."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Bank regulation; Banking; Exchange rates; Financial crises; Financial institutions; Financial regulation and supervision; Foreign banks; Foreign currency exposure; Foreign exchange; Money\n- Keywords: bank; bank activity; bank capital; Bank regulation; exchange rate; Exchange rates; financial statements practice; Foreign banks; Foreign currency exposure; GDP; Global; incorporated bank; international banking; international operation; regulation; U.S. dollar; WP"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Publication metadata",
      "content": "- Authors: Hibiki Ichiue, Frederic Lambert\n- Date: April 8, 2016\n- Publication: IMF Working Papers\n- Pages: 35\n- Volume: 2016\n- Issue: 088\n- Series: Working Paper No. 2016/088\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475566703.001\n- Stock No: WPIEA2016088\n- ISBN: 9781475566703\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n\nSource: IMF Working Paper \"Post-crisis International Banking: An Analysis with New Regulatory Survey Data\" by Hibiki Ichiue and Frederic Lambert (April 8, 2016).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp1688\n  - wp1688 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp1688 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Hibiki Ichiue, Frederic Lambert",
    "Published: April 8, 2016",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475566703.001",
    "Foreign bank lending has stopped growing since the global financial crisis.",
    "Changes in banks’ business models, balance-sheet adjustments, and the tightening of banking regulations are potential drivers of this prolonged slowdown.",
    "Existing literature suggests an opposite effect related to regulation, with tighter regulations encouraging foreign lending through regulatory arbitrage.",
    "Using new survey data on regulations specific to banks’ international operations, the authors find:",
    "New survey data on regulations specific to banks’ international operations were used to investigate the impact of regulatory changes on foreign lending.",
    "Time horizon analyzed for the principal quantitative result: 2007 to 2013.",
    "Subject: Bank regulation; Banking; Exchange rates; Financial crises; Financial institutions; Financial regulation and supervision; Foreign banks; Foreign currency exposure; Foreign exchange; Money",
    "Keywords: bank; bank activity; bank capital; Bank regulation; exchange rate; Exchange rates; financial statements practice; Foreign banks; Foreign currency exposure; GDP; Global; incorporated bank; international banking; international operation; regulation; U.S. dollar; WP",
    "Authors: Hibiki Ichiue, Frederic Lambert",
    "Date: April 8, 2016",
    "Publication: IMF Working Papers",
    "Pages: 35",
    "Volume: 2016",
    "Issue: 088",
    "Series: Working Paper No. 2016/088",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475566703.001",
    "Stock No: WPIEA2016088",
    "ISBN: 9781475566703",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "**_wp1688**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "_wp1688",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/_wp1688.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/_wp1688.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/_wp1688.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/post-crisis-international-banking-an-analysis-with-new-regulatory-survey-data-43861/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-18T03:56:34.781Z"
}