{
  "title": "Public-Private Partnerships: A Public Economics Perspective",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, March 1, 2006",
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  "summary": "Public-private partnerships (PPPs) involve the supply by the private sector of infrastructure and services deriving from infrastructure assets which have traditionally been supplied by the public sector. PPPs are spreading all over the world.",
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    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- Public-private partnerships (PPPs) involve the supply by the private sector of infrastructure and services deriving from infrastructure assets which have traditionally been supplied by the public sector.\n- PPPs are spreading all over the world.\n- PPPs may initially have been an attempt to evade expenditure controls and hide public budget deficits.\n- If properly designed and transparently reported, PPPs can enhance the efficiency of the provision of services that were formerly supplied solely by the public sector.\n- This paper provides a public economics perspective on PPPs."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Main findings and themes",
      "content": "- Nature and scope:\n  - PPPs transfer the supply of infrastructure and derived services from the public sector to the private sector.\n- Motivations and risks:\n  - PPPs may be used to evade expenditure controls and hide public budget deficits.\n- Conditions for effectiveness:\n  - Proper design and transparent reporting are critical for PPPs to enhance efficiency in service provision.\n- Coverage:\n  - The paper addresses public economics aspects of PPPs in the context of budget planning, public investment, and tax incentives."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and recommendations",
      "content": "- Design:\n  - Emphasize proper design of PPP contracts to ensure efficiency gains.\n- Transparency:\n  - Prioritize transparent reporting of PPP arrangements to avoid concealment of fiscal commitments and deficits.\n- Fiscal oversight:\n  - Strengthen budget planning and preparation to mitigate risks that PPPs are used to bypass expenditure controls.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Wp0677\n  - Wp0677 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Wp0677 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/public-private-partnerships-a-public-economics-perspective-18865"
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    "Authors: Efraim Sadka",
    "Published: March 1, 2006",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451863376.001",
    "Public-private partnerships (PPPs) involve the supply by the private sector of infrastructure and services deriving from infrastructure assets which have traditionally been supplied by the public sector.",
    "PPPs are spreading all over the world.",
    "PPPs may initially have been an attempt to evade expenditure controls and hide public budget deficits.",
    "If properly designed and transparently reported, PPPs can enhance the efficiency of the provision of services that were formerly supplied solely by the public sector.",
    "This paper provides a public economics perspective on PPPs.",
    "Nature and scope:",
    "Motivations and risks:",
    "Conditions for effectiveness:",
    "Coverage:",
    "Design:",
    "Transparency:",
    "Fiscal oversight:",
    "**Wp0677**"
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