## Remittances and Vulnerability in Developing Countries

_IMF Working Papers, January 27, 2014_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Remittances and Vulnerability in Developing Countries](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/remittances-and-vulnerability-in-developing-countries-41279)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/remittances-and-vulnerability-in-developing-countries-41279/index.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/remittances-and-vulnerability-in-developing-countries-41279/index.json)
- [Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/remittances-and-vulnerability-in-developing-countries-41279/bundle-manifest.json)

## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Giulia Bettin, Andrea F Presbitero, Nikola Spatafora
- Published: January 27, 2014
- Series: IMF Working Papers

---

### Summary findings
- The paper examines how international remittances are affected by structural characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, and adverse shocks in both source and recipient economies.
- Remittances are negatively correlated with the business cycle in recipient countries.
- Remittances increase in response to adverse exogenous shocks, such as natural disasters or large declines in the terms of trade.
- Remittances are positively correlated with economic conditions in the source province.
- In the presence of similar negative shocks to both source and recipient economies, remittances remain counter-cyclical with respect to the recipient country.

### Data and methods
- Novel, rich panel data set covering bilateral remittances from 103 Italian provinces to 107 developing countries.
- Time period covered: 2005-2011.
- Paper type: IMF Working Paper (Working Paper No. 2014/013).
- Pages: 33.

### Subject areas and keywords
- Subject: Balance of payments, Business cycles, Economic growth, Financial crises, Financial markets, Financial sector development, Global financial crisis of 2008-2009, Migration, Natural disasters, Population and demographics, Remittances.
- Keywords: bilateral remittance, Business cycle, Business cycles, Financial sector development, Global, Global financial crisis of 2008-2009, Gravity model, Migration, remittance corridor, remittance inflow, Remittances, remittances outflow, Shocks, transfer cost, Vulnerability, WP.

### Access and formats
- Available through IMF eLibrary in multiple formats.
- Options listed on the page include: Download PDF, More Formats on IMF eLibrary, Order a Print Copy, Create Citation, Share, Preview Citation, Copy.
- Preview citation format shown: Chicago — Giulia Bettin, Andrea F Presbitero, and Nikola Spatafora. "Remittances and Vulnerability in Developing Countries", IMF Working Papers 2014, 013 (2014), accessed 9/18/2026.

*Content based on the IMF web landing page for "Remittances and Vulnerability in Developing Countries".*

---

## Content in this bundle

- **Wp1413**
  - [Wp1413 (Markdown version)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2014/_wp1413.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Wp1413 (PDF)](/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full-text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2014/_wp1413.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

---

_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/remittances-and-vulnerability-in-developing-countries-41279_