{
  "title": "Structural Transformation and the sophistication of Production",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, February 1, 2012",
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  "summary": "A new dataset on export sophistication reveals that in many countries the importance of modern services, and the sophistication of manufactured and service exports, has increased over time. However, this trend was less pronounced in LICs.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and dataset insights",
      "content": "- Authors: Nikola Spatafora, Rahul Anand, Saurabh Mishra\n- Publication date: February 1, 2012\n- Type: IMF Working Paper (Working Paper No. 2012/059, Issue: 059)\n- Pages: 51\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781463937775.001\n- Stock No: WPIEA2012059\n- ISBN: 9781463937775\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n\n- A new dataset on export sophistication shows that in many countries:\n  - The importance of modern services has increased over time.\n  - The sophistication of manufactured exports has increased over time.\n  - The sophistication of service exports has increased over time.\n- The upward trend in export sophistication was less pronounced in LICs."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings on growth and sophistication",
      "content": "- Sophisticated sectors are more likely to catalyze broad-based economic growth, rather than remain isolated enclaves, when the following conditions hold:\n  - The economy is liberalized.\n  - The exchange rate is not overvalued.\n  - There are good information flows.\n- Prerequisites for developing sophisticated goods and services include:\n  - An educated workforce.\n  - External liberalization.\n  - Good information flows.\n- Sector-specific policy complementarities:\n  - For goods: Appropriate macroeconomic policy is particularly important.\n  - For services: Skilled labor and good information flows are particularly important."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject coverage and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject areas: Economic sectors, Export performance, Exports, Human capital, International trade, Labor, Manufacturing, Service exports\n- Keywords: export basket, Export performance, export sophistication, Exports, exports of goods, Global, goods export, Human capital, Manufacturing, resource export, service export, Service Exports, Sophistication of Production, Structural Transformation, WP\n\nIMF Working Paper: \"Structural Transformation and the sophistication of Production\" by Nikola Spatafora, Rahul Anand, and Saurabh Mishra (February 1, 2012), Working Paper No. 2012/059.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp1259\n  - wp1259 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp1259 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/structural-transformation-and-the-sophistication-of-production-25746"
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    "Authors: Nikola Spatafora, Rahul Anand, Saurabh Mishra",
    "Published: February 1, 2012",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781463937775.001",
    "Authors: Nikola Spatafora, Rahul Anand, Saurabh Mishra",
    "Publication date: February 1, 2012",
    "Type: IMF Working Paper (Working Paper No. 2012/059, Issue: 059)",
    "Pages: 51",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781463937775.001",
    "Stock No: WPIEA2012059",
    "ISBN: 9781463937775",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "A new dataset on export sophistication shows that in many countries:",
    "The upward trend in export sophistication was less pronounced in LICs.",
    "Sophisticated sectors are more likely to catalyze broad-based economic growth, rather than remain isolated enclaves, when the following conditions hold:",
    "Prerequisites for developing sophisticated goods and services include:",
    "Sector-specific policy complementarities:",
    "Subject areas: Economic sectors, Export performance, Exports, Human capital, International trade, Labor, Manufacturing, Service exports",
    "Keywords: export basket, Export performance, export sophistication, Exports, exports of goods, Global, goods export, Human capital, Manufacturing, resource export, service export, Service Exports, Sophistication of Production, Structural Transformation, WP",
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