{
  "title": "The Distributional Effects of Fiscal Consolidation",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, June 21, 2013",
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  "summary": "This paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal consolidation. Using episodes of fiscal consolidation for a sample of 17 OECD countries over the period 1978–2009, we find that fiscal consolidation has typically had significant distributional effects by raising inequality, decreasing wage in",
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    {
      "heading": "Summary and main findings",
      "content": "- The paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal consolidation using episodes of fiscal consolidation for a sample of 17 OECD countries over the period 1978–2009.\n- Fiscal consolidation has typically had significant distributional effects:\n  - raising inequality,\n  - decreasing wage income shares,\n  - increasing long-term unemployment.\n- The evidence suggests that spending-based adjustments have had, on average, larger distributional effects than tax-based adjustments."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Data and scope",
      "content": "- Sample: 17 OECD countries.\n- Period covered: 1978–2009.\n- Publication length: 24 pages.\n- Series and identifiers:\n  - Working Paper No. 2013/151\n  - Volume: 2013\n  - Issue: 151\n  - DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475551945.001\n  - Stock No: WPIEA2013151\n  - ISBN: 9781475551945\n  - ISSN: 1018-5941"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subjects: Fiscal consolidation, Fiscal policy, Income, Income distribution, Income inequality, Labor, National accounts, Personal income, Unemployment.\n- Keywords: budget outcome, contractionary effect, distributional effect, distributional effects, effects of fiscal consolidation, Fiscal consolidation, Global, Income, Income distribution, income inequality, income share, long-term unemployment, price boom, Unemployment, WP."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Authorship and publication",
      "content": "- Authors: Laurence M. Ball, Davide Furceri, Daniel Leigh, Prakash Loungani.\n- Date on landing page: June 21, 2013.\n- Format noted: IMF Working Papers.\n\nIMF Working Paper No. 2013/151 (2013) by Laurence M. Ball, Davide Furceri, Daniel Leigh, and Prakash Loungani.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp13151\n  - wp13151 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp13151 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/the-distributional-effects-of-fiscal-consolidation-40699"
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    "Authors: Laurence M. Ball, Davide Furceri, Daniel Leigh, Prakash Loungani",
    "Published: June 21, 2013",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475551945.001",
    "The paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal consolidation using episodes of fiscal consolidation for a sample of 17 OECD countries over the period 1978–2009.",
    "Fiscal consolidation has typically had significant distributional effects:",
    "The evidence suggests that spending-based adjustments have had, on average, larger distributional effects than tax-based adjustments.",
    "Sample: 17 OECD countries.",
    "Period covered: 1978–2009.",
    "Publication length: 24 pages.",
    "Series and identifiers:",
    "Subjects: Fiscal consolidation, Fiscal policy, Income, Income distribution, Income inequality, Labor, National accounts, Personal income, Unemployment.",
    "Keywords: budget outcome, contractionary effect, distributional effect, distributional effects, effects of fiscal consolidation, Fiscal consolidation, Global, Income, Income distribution, income inequality, income share, long-term unemployment, price boom, Unemployment, WP.",
    "Authors: Laurence M. Ball, Davide Furceri, Daniel Leigh, Prakash Loungani.",
    "Date on landing page: June 21, 2013.",
    "Format noted: IMF Working Papers.",
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