## Trends in Gender Equality and Women’s Advancement

_IMF Working Papers, February 10, 2016_

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## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Janet Gale Stotsky, Sakina Shibuya, Lisa L Kolovich, Suhaib Kebhaj
- Published: February 10, 2016
- Series: IMF Working Papers
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475592955.001

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### Summary
- Examines trends in indicators of gender equality and women’s development using individual indicators and gender equality indices.
- Extends the United Nations Development Program’s Gender Development Index (GDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII) to examine time trends.
- Concludes that in recent decades the world has moved closer to gender equality and narrowed gaps in education, health, and economic and political opportunity, while substantial differences remain in certain regions.
- Results suggest countries can make meaningful improvements in gender equality even when significant income differences between countries remain.

### Key findings
- Global progress: Recent decades show movement toward gender equality and narrower gaps in education, health, and economic and political opportunity.
- Regional disparities: Substantial differences persist, especially in South Asia, the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa.
- Policy-relevant insight: Meaningful improvements in gender equality are attainable concurrently with persistent cross-country income differences.

### Methodology and indicators
- Uses evidence derived from individual indicators and from gender equality indices.
- Extends UNDP’s Gender Development Index and Gender Inequality Index to analyze time trends.
- Keywords and technical terms preserved from source: GDI value, gender equality indices, gender indicators, geometric mean, income variable, min indicator value, max indicator value, value-min indicator value, participation ratio, mortality ratio, standard of living, time series, UNDP's GDI.

### Thematic coverage
- Education
- Health (including life expectancy and mortality ratios)
- Labor and labor force participation
- Economic and political opportunity
- Women’s development across regions (Asia and Pacific; Middle East and Central Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa)

### Publication and document specifics
- Authors: Janet Gale Stotsky, Sakina Shibuya, Lisa L Kolovich, Suhaib Kebhaj
- Date: February 10, 2016
- Pages: 62
- Volume: 2016
- Issue: 021
- Series: Working Paper No. 2016/021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475592955.001
- Stock No: WPIEA2016021
- ISBN: 9781475592955
- ISSN: 1018-5941

*Source: IMF Working Paper “Trends in Gender Equality and Women’s Advancement”, Janet Gale Stotsky et al., February 10, 2016.*

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## Content in this bundle

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/trends-in-gender-equality-and-womens-advancement-43697_